HomeMy WebLinkAboutpitkin.planning.264320300013 (3)DOCUMENT LAYOUT
THIS FILE MAY OR MAY NOT CONTAIN ALL OF THE INFORMATION
LISTED BELOW IN THE FOLLOWING ORDER
Summary Sheet
Resolution for the BOCC and /or P &Z
Ordinance for the BOCC and /or P &Z
Determination for the Hearing Officer
Administrative Determination
Staff Memo
Application
Public Notice, Acceptance Letter, Referral(s) Letter
Site Plan
Miscellaneous
Plat(s)
PARCEL ` ID: 2643- 203 -00 -013 - DATE RCVD: 3/29/2001 #COPIES: CASENO'P051
CASE NAME: I Parker Minor Amendment to a Development Permit Planners Tamara Pi
PROJ ADDR: 2909 Juniper Hills Or S -T -R 20 -9 -85
OWN /APP: Parker,Alexis ADRF CIS /Z:F PHl,
REP: I David Brown, Stryker & Brow ADR: 110 S. Spring Street C /S /Z: Aspen, CO 81611 PHN: 925 -2100
T
Email Addr: I ALLOCATED HOU
FEES DUE: 460 FEES RCVD: 3/29/01 % OVER:
MTG DATE
REMARKS lWithdrawn no vesting Noland use review conducted
reimburse deposit. Close case per applicants request
REF: 3/30/2001 BY TP DUE: 9/9/2001
REV BODY PH NOTICED DATE OF FINAL ACTION:
\dmin' No BOCC Reso:
CLOSED: 8/15/2001 BY: Isabel Calderon
BOCC Ord:
PZ:
HRG OFF:
HO INDEX:
ADMIN:
PLAT RECOROEDF— PLAT (BK,PG): n/a ADMIN INDEX: F-
VR APPROVAL DATE: F— VR EXPIRES:F-
CASE TYP: I Minor Amendment to a Development CASE TYP5:
CASE TYP2:1 CASE TYPE:
0, CASE TYP3: CASE TYP7:
CASE TYP4:1 Date Scanned: 2/1712012
File Location: FF Box #214
NOTE TO FILE
At the request of the Applicant's representative on August 14, 2001, the Parker Minor
Amendment to a Development Permit (P51 -01) has been closed.
Tamara Pregl
Planner
O00001 �f 9z
I
ASPEN/PITKIN
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
130 South Galena Street
Aspen, Colorado 81611
Phone (970) 920 -5090 FAX (970) 920 -5439
MEMORANDUM
TO: Attorney
jon
FROM: Tamara Pregl, Community Development
RE: Parker Minor Amendment to a Development Permit
(PID 2643 - 203 -00 -013; CASE #P51 -01)
DATE: March 30, 2001
Attached for your review and comments are materials for an application by Alexis Parker. This
application will be reviewed by the Community Development.
Please return your comments to %e by April 9,
PLEASE RETURN APPLICATION
IF YOU HAVE NO FURTHER NEED
Thank you.
TO COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
y-4-ar
000002
a,9
stryker �
A R C H I T E C T S
TRANSMITTAL/ MEMO
............................................................................................. ...............................
TO: Tamara Pregl
Pitkin County Planning Department
Community Development
FROM: DAVID BROWN
DATE: 3.28.01
RE: Aspen Ridge, Lot 2, Brush Creek, The Berry Residence
Berry Minor Amendment to a Development Permit
Formerly know as the Parker Property
NOTES:
We are requesting a minor amendment to a development permint granted pursuant to Resolution No. 30-
2000, in order to modify a condition of approval which delineated the maximum height of the primary
residence.
Resolution No. 30 -2000 is a "Determination of the Hearing Officer of Pitkin County, Colorado, Granting
Approval of the Parker 1041 Hazard Review, Conceptual Submission, Scenic Overlay and Ridgeline
Review and a Special Review for a Caretaker Dwelling Unit."
Condition No. 25 states "the height of the principal dwelling unit shall not exceed 28 feet in height
including the roof peak." This condition is of greater restraint than the standard 28 foot height restriction
as defined in the Pitkin County Land Use Code.
We seek a "Minor Amendment" to this condition to create a "three dimensional envelope" : a
plane that intersects the edge of the cliff and a point 28 feet above the south border of the building
envelope.
This minor amendment will allow for a standard Pitkin County height limitation (28 feet to the midpoint of a
roof plane, with no elements exceeding 33') for the areas that are below the "three dimensional envelope"
described above.
Section 3- 200 -080: Minor Amendment to a Development Application
Conditions:
A. The amendment must be a clarification or a technical correction to a plat
not applicable
B.The amendment must not change the use... between residential, commercial...
This application does not change the use from residential.
C. The amendment must be consistent with the action taken during the review of the
original development and does not constitute a new land development activity.
The minor amendment is consistent with the intent of the action taken during the review of the
original development application. The intent is to be consistent with the Scenic Overlay review. Given
OOOi1O3
the nature of the topographer the site, the site slopes away to the north„,,Wn the cliff edge to the south
of the building envelope. This slope creates a practical improbability (and I believe impossibility) that a
building that conforms with the County height limits, and is within the building envelope,will not be seen
from any point restricted by scenic overlay. The building plan as designed is substantially below the 28'
limit to the ridges. However, several small portions of the roof on the northern (lower original grade)
portions of the building exceed the 28' height (refer to attached plans and elevations).
Further,
D. The proposed activity does not:
1. Change the basic character of the approved use of land on which the activity occurs
including basic visual appearance and method of operation;
2. Increase off -site impacts in the surrounding neighborhood;
3. Endanger the public health, safety or welfare;
4. Violate any Land Use Code Standard;
5. Substantially increase the need for on -site parking or utilities, or affect affordable
housing generation; and
6. Increase the floor area of use....
The proposed minor amendment does none of the above items D1 -6. Their will be no off -site impacts,
visual or otherwise.
As required by Section 5 -50 -020, and as modified by the pre - application conference summary, this
application includes the following attachments:
A. General Information
Drawings of the subject property and survey of the property are attached.
B. Applicant's Background Information:
Property Owners:
Christopher J. Berry and Laura Dziersynski
PO Box 5042
Aspen, CO 81612
email: CJBerry1 @earthlink.net
fax: 212.787.3573
phone: 917.817.0092
Owner's Representative:
David P. Brown
Styker /Brown Architects, pc
119 S. Spring St.
Aspen, CO 81611
970.925.2254
fax: 925.2258
C. Parcel Description
2373 Broadway, Penthouse Apt. 3
New York, NY 10024
The parcel's Legal Description is Lot 2, Aspen Ridge subdivision; 3000 Juniper Hills Road, Pitkin
County, Colorado. A vicinity map follows and is attached.
D. Disclosure and Proof of Ownership
A copy of the General Warranty Deed follows and is attached hereto.
E. Legal Access:
000004
The property is adjacent to a public right of way, Juniper Hill Road, legal access exists.
F. Standards Report:
This does not apply
G. Pre - Application Conference Summary Sheet:
The Pre - Application Conference Summary Sheet is attached.
H. Site Utilization Maps
I. Copies of the Application
Three (3) copies of the application are attached, as requested by the Pre - Application Conference
Summary Sheet.
J. Copies of the Agreement to pay form:
Two (2) copies of this form are attached separately.
Sincerrely
7P40 -
David Brown
Stryker /Brown Architects
on behalf of Christopher J. Berry and Laura Dzierzynski
119 SOUTH SPRING STREET ASPEN, COLORADO 81611 970.925.2100 925.2258 (FAX)
david@strykerbrown.com
ii00u05
Wednesday, March 28, 2001 5 02 PM Christopher Berry 212 787 3573
David Brown
Partner
Stryker Brown Architects
March 28, 2001
David,
This letter authorizes you to act on my behalf in dealing with the any and all Pitkin
County agencies in all matters related to the development and building of my home to be
located on my property, Lot 2 of the Aspen Ridge sub - division in the Brush Creek area of
Pitkin County.
Regards,
Christopher J. Berry
000006
p 02
MAR -27 -2001 TUE 07:17 PM FAX N0.
PITKIN COUNTY PRE - APPLICATION CONFERENCE SUMMARY
PROJECT: Parker Minor Amendment to a Development Permit
LOCATION: The property is referred to as Lot 2, Aspen Ridge Subdivision (P1D #2643 - 203 -00 -013)
APPLICANT: Alexis Parker
REPRESENTATIVE: David Brown PHONEIFAX: 925- 21001925 -2258
DATE: March 27, 2001 PLANNER: Tamara Pregl, 920 -5103
Type of Application: Minor Amendment to a Development Permit
Description of Project/Development: The Applicant is requesting a minor amendment to a development
permit granted pursuant to Resolution No. 30 -2000, in order to modify a condition approval which
delineated the maximum heightof the primary residence.
Areas in which the Applicant has been requested to respond, types of reports requested:
Land Use Code Sections to be addressed in letter of re uest ap lication
Section 3- 200 -080: Minor Amendment to a Development Permit
Staff will refer the application to the following agencies: County Attorney, Zoning
Review by: Community Development, Public Hearing? No.
What fee is the applicant requested to submit: Total Deposit: $460 (make check payable to "Piikin Camty
Treasurer')
Planning Office (deposit) $460 (additional hrs are billed at a rate of $185/hr);
Number of copies of the application and maps to be submitted: 3
Please submit separately: 2 copies of the `Agreement To Pay' form do not include with each packet
copy).
For a complete application, please include the following in each packet:
• Summary letter explaining the request and addressing all Land Use Code standards listed above.
• Consent from owner(s) to process application and authorizing the representative (if applicable).
• Parcel description, including legal description.
• Proof of ownership (from a title company or attorney licensed in the State of Colorado).
• Copy of this pre -app form.
• Copies of previous approvals
■ 3- dimensional site plan illustrating requested structure height.
IME
NOTE This pre - application conference summary is advisory in nature and not binding on the County. The
information provided in this summary is based on current zoning standards and staffs interpretations based
upon representations of the applicant - Additional information: may be required upon complete review of the
application.
�uCUO1
MAR -27 -2001 TUE 07:17 PM FAX N0. P. 03
Ordinance No. 98-
Page 38
in diameter or less are exempt from review under this section except when their installation
causes a nsk to the health and safety of the community. ,
AB. The
Community Development Planning Director may approve one satellite dish not exempted by the
standards to this section subject to compliance with the procedures in Section 4 -40 and the
Submission contents in Section 5 -50. Applications for more than one satellite dish not exempt
under the standards in this section may be approved by the Planning Commission subject to
compliance with the procedures in Section 4 -50 and the submission contents in Section 5 -50.
@C. Satellite reception devices not exempt tinder the standards in this section shall
be located to minimize scenic impacts on neighboring parcels and public roads.
GD. Landscaping may be required around a dish not exempt tinder the standards in
this section to reduce scenic impacts.
DE. Financial guarantees in the form of cash or a letter of credit consistent with
Section 3 -180 may be required to insure adequate completion of landscaping. (Ord. 95 -3 (part),
1995: prior code § 3 -1905)
3- 200 -080 MinorAmendments to a Development Permit
A minor amendment to any development permit (except minor and major amendments
to final plats), including AF -SKI and PUB Master Plans and Special Review approvals, intended
to change an element or condition of a development permit may be approved subject to
compliance with the standards in this section. Refer to Section 4 -40 for procedures and section
5 -50 for submission contents. All plat amendments shall be reviewed pursuant to the standards
in Sections 3- 190.80.
BA. The amendment must not change the use of the proposed development between
residential, commercial and tourist accommodation uses.
G6. The amendment must be consistent with action taken during the review of the
original development and does not constitute a new land development activity.
4) C, The proposed activity does not:
1. Change the basic character of the approved use of land on which the activity
occurs including basic visual appearance and method of operation;
2. Increase off -site impacts in the surrounding neighborhood;
3. Endanger the public health, safety or welfare;
i
U�CtJ�i3
MAR -27 -2001 TUE 07:18 PM FAX N0, P. 04
Ordinance No. 98-
Page 39
Violate any Land Use Code Standard;
a
5. Substantially increase the need for on -site parking or utilities, or affect affordable
housing generation; and
6. Increase the floor area of the use by more than two (2) percent or decrease the
open space on the site by more than three (3) percent. (Ord. 95-3 (part), 1995: prior code § 3-
1906)
3- 200 -o9o, Residential Development with more than 15,000 Square Feet of Residential
Floor Area
All parcels of land less than twenty (20) acres in size shall include the square footage of
all structures on the property, for the calculation of House Size Special Review. All parcels of
land twenty (20) acres and larger shall include only the residential square footage on the
property for the calculation of House Size Special Review.
A. The following Criteria are to be used in conjunction with the Special Review
Criteria established in Section 3 -210 of the Land Use Code in order to allow residential and
accessory structures to exceed 15,000 square feet of total floor area. Refer to Section 4 -60 for
procedures and Section 5 -50 for submission requirementsr
peFt
feet# f nd'R9 %hZf
kes irnataGgGR-
4nGFease4P4IG0F
areal�e�hat gew ed-�+i -Fe
with the feNew+Ag
ressed- hy-the -ate..
1. Acquisition of Transferable Development Rights (TDR's) pursuant to section 3-
150.160 is a threshold minimum requirement to exceed 15,000 square feet of total floor area.
Energy Consumption
a. Has the residence been designed with concentration on limiting the use of
energy resources and consumptive use?
b. Has the design and construction of the home taken into consideration the
inclusion of renewable non - polluting energy resources for the primary source of energy for the
entire project?
C. Have high efficiency construction materials been used throughout the project?
d. Does the operation of the house contain self - regulating systems which control
the use of energy when the home is not occupied?
000009
MAR ,2 ".2U01 2. 6FM RITKIN COUNTY TITLE, W.,,, NO 1,60 iE.2
Recording requested by.
Curtis B. Sanders, F.sq.
When recorded, mail to=
Curtis B- Sanders, Eeq.
201 North Mill street, suite 2o1
Aspen, Colorado 81611
GHMRAL WARRANTY DzED
Alexis Parker ( °Seller0l) with an address of 2332 South aasmine
Place, Denver, Colorado aO222, for Ten Dollars and no /100 ($10.00)
and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and
sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, hereby bargains,
sells, and conveys to Christopher .7. Berry and Laura Dzierzynski as
joint tenants with right of survivorship, whose address is 2373
Broadway, Penthouse Apt. 3, New York, NY 10024, the following real
property situated in Pitkin County, Colorado:
A parcel of land being situate in Section 20, Township 9 South,
Range 85 West of the 6`h Principal Meridian, Pitkin County,
Colorado. Said parcel is more fully described as follows:
Beginning at a point from whence the Southwest corner of said
Section 20 bears S 00 °a2'la" W 2875.32 feet;
thence west 1797,80 feet;
thence North 948.00 feet;
to - thence East 1797.88 feet;
thence South 848.00 feet to the point of beginning
\� together with all its appurtenances and WARRANT'S the title against
all persons, subject to taxes for 2000 and thereafter, and except
and subject to those items set forth on Exhibit A attached hereto
and incorporated herein by this reference
�1
SELLER!
i
Date= November , 2000
/ Alexis Parker
STATE OF d d )
COUNTY OF Be
The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me November
2000 by Alexis Parker.
My commies' res bWrAVWR6WWfti (*W Is. moo
Witness CP official seal.
P.••....S
ql ��i � �
VY� A 0 Notary Public
Sierra Pacific \2GWD.D1
Page 1 of 2
448887 1111111)1111111111111111 II11 INIII 11111 III 1111111111111
ie�wSFER DECLtlARATIDN RECEIVED 11/18/28A! 4460 22/10/2006 161041 NO ORVii OILVI
i of 2 R 10.00 O 00.00 N 0.00 PITKIN C"ry CC
UuUU10
MA 22, 2 2,J611M f'IT(IN COUNTY T T L I ,,. \0. )�6o F„
EXHIBIT "A"
1 Taxes for the year 2000 not yet due or payable.
and
2 Right of way for ditches or canals constructed by the authority ofthe
the nited at s and ro reservation
and removacoal of all the
other minerals In the lands s0 entered and patented, tog
same Pursuant to the provisions of the Act of December 29, 1916 (39 Slat . 862), as reserved in United States
Patent recorded April 17, 1937 in Book 162 at Page 549
3. Those terms, conditions, provisions, obligations, easements, restrictions, assessments and all matters as set forth
in Protective Covenants for Aspen Ridge recorded June 11, 1975 in Book 299 at Page 641, deleting therefrom any
restrictions indicating any preference, limitation or discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, handicap,
familial status, or national origin.
4 Terms. conditions. provisions, obligations and all matters as set forth in the Articles of Incorporation of Aspen
Ridge Homeowners Association, Inc. recorded June 11, 1975 in Book 299 at Page 858.
5 Easement and right of a' for an lectric trans ission August t distribution 190 m Book 472 system, at Pegs granted to Holy Cross
Electric Association,
6. Terms, conditions, provisions and obligations as set forth In Ingress and Egress Easement recorded August 11,
1967 in Book 649 at Page 571,
7. Terms, conditions, provisions, obligations and all matters as set forth In Resolution of the Board of County
Commissioners recorded October 26. 1991 in Book 650 at Page BO as Resolution No. 91-67
B. Terms, conditions, provisions, obligations and all matters as set forth in Resolution of the Planning and Zoning
Commission recorded November 22, 1991 in Book 662 at Page 777 as Resolution No 91 -27,
9 Easements, rights of way and all matters ea disclosed on 1041 Review Plat of subject Property recorded
November 22, 1991 in Plat Book 27 at Page 79.
10 Terms, conditions, provisions, obligations and all matters as set forth In Resolution of the Board of County
Commissioners recorded July 5. 1994 In Book 764 at Page 801 as Resolution No. 94 -115.
11 Terms, conditions, provisions and obligations as set forth in Determination of the Hearing Officer recorded October
6, 2000 as Reception No. 447728.
�r���������i�ir rr�uii4 irW nr��s S ILY1i�ri Co 4 of 2 % 10.00 o 0I I N 0,00 V"MZH CO11NS'f 0
juclil1
li \\
I 1 �
tOM1,
�^0 -
IN
LoTZ,Ac,pm Kir*e %mvr5(a l " OU12
o l
1 337
a•
7410 N9
mIl a
T �R! \-' I I lffi'r 47N
X9111
vcoo
4345
°I
VICINITY MAP
MAR -27 -2001 TUE 07:20 PM FAX N0. P, 08
VIM
ASPEN/PITKIN
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
Agreement for Payment of Pitkin County Development Application Fees
PITKIN COUNTY (hereinafter COUNTY) and C/f1Z1"2 o/7 rGTZ J.
(hereinafter APPLICANT) AGREE AS FOLLOWS;
1, APPLICANT has submitted to COUNTY an application for
MIN69 AMENOMEN/ 72) A DE'VEL0PMi?4y7- M-9MIT
(hereinafter, THE PROJECT).
2. APPLICANT understands and agrees that Pitkin County Ordinances
No. 98 -7 and 99 -37 establish a fee structure for Planning applications and the
payment of all processing fees is a condition precedent to a determination of
application completeness.
3. APPLICANT and COUNTY agree that because of the size, nature or
scope of the proposed project, it is not possible at this time to ascertain the full
extent of the costs involved in processing the application. APPLICANT and
COUNTY further agree that it is in the interest of the parties for APPLICANT to
make payment of an initial deposit and to thereafter pen-nit additional costs to be
billed to APPLICANT. APPLICANT agrees he will be benefited by retaining
greater cash liquidity and will make additional payments upon notification by the
COUNTY when they are necessary as costs are incurred. COUNTY agrees it will
be benefited through the greater certainty of recovering its full costs to process
APPLICANT's application.
4. COUNTY and APPLICANT further agree that it is impracticable for
COUNTY staff to complete processing or present sufficient information to the
Planning Commission and/or Board of County Commissioners to enable the
Planning Commission and/or Board of County Commissioners to make legally
required findings for project approval, unless current billings are paid in full prior
to decision.
Ji10u13
MAR -27 -2001 TUE 07:20 PM FAX N0.
5. Therefore, APPLICANT agrees that in consideration of the
COUNTY's waiver of its right to collect full fees prior to a determination of
application completeness, APPLICANT shall pay an initial deposit in the amount
of $ !00 °e which is for hours of staff time, and if actual recorded costs
exceed the initial deposit, APPLICANT shall pay additional monthly billings to
COUNTY to reimburse the COUNTY for the processing of the application
mentioned above, including post approval review. Such periodic payments shall be
made within 30 days of the billing date. APPLICANT further agrees that failure to
pay such accrued costs shall be grounds for suspension of processing.
PITKIN COUNTY
Cindy Houben
Community Development Director
g:\su pporAfo rms \agrp ay pt. d oc
05/05/00
APPLICANT
CHt7—tS7aFH-EZ7 J. etxgl
Print Name
1� T�� F. 5011K,
Signature REPtr-- ((=5d=?J -Z 7 Ze
Date: ;�? —201— O /
Mailing Address;
i.
—�JiW7KEP-' A!*w m/ A ecew7y3
W. RE 9 l '
T.
' \
's� \ 20 M Al PO 90A
]0' AGCE85 EA]ilENt
t.—WN1EA iA'RRR
At P' n
4.
ALEXIS PARKER 1 04 1 HAZARD xhv n tw MAr
/ ElFfiiplC
L IIMD
IS 4 II
/ - &E .. -
ti
i. LI
�/ \
—i,\
SCALE
1x . 10 FEET
. 5 IR IS 2.
1..1.0 INIERYAL If l FEET
N.
N.
\ \\ AST—
\ \ \ \ \ \ \\ \ \ \ \\ • \ \�. 29$•
\
I \ \ r-•'�
M aREEP eRxL
\ 1/
vU�U15 ,
PPEER1 SUMMING
AT PAGE )9
TRACT N0. 2
AREA • 35.0001 ACRES .1
PREPARED RY
ASPEN SURVEY ENGINEERS. 1*.
M 5. QALElY STREET
P, .6. Ssoe
ASPEN, COLD, SISII
PNONE /PAR I.IDI .1 ...
9�,__
an
\ \ \
zoo
267 \ 210
uuCJiG
P�ERR'( �rc��
F�Opmpso
Itj.Z4j.ol
"........"
2-7 W
\
\
215
216
\ \ 223 "'
\
""'
212 \ \
\ \ \
100
\
\
\
110
\
uuCJiG
P�ERR'( �rc��
F�Opmpso
Itj.Z4j.ol
000017
V
--- 196
93 I
194 i
33' -0' TOP OF
PARAPET
co
co
29'-2"
TOP OF RIDGE
TOP OF RIDGE
29-3"
TOP OF RIDGE
T0•QF RIDGE
244
I
N
-2 ------
16 215
216
221
219
HL-V4 4TC7 CP
9MF SiLeimer4r>
A'ftE eXtrKN&
6FAVG�
000018
Ir
!rira
-1�uc-) CRMNq
AT Pt(L'n?j&
fze-c,xiiuc 'N.
000019
l�� CF
exionr ,
MM
r`TA
4
D��0���
��W����
`
������,
�~�r^x ^ -------—�_—_——�� ---��---�
Mud
211 TV
ant
w 717
27 1
209_� 216
221 219
CuCu21
R 01 ' ►�
gxopk Bilge cF HOA,5
9W.8
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
130 South Galena Street
Aspen, Colorado 81611
(970) 920 -5090
172
159
173
174
162
169
160
Pitkin County
Land Use:
Board of Adjustment
County land Use Code
Deposit
Flat Fee
Zoning and Sign
Public Notice
Planning Enforcement
I,> 0
TTR'17 -�
# OFCOPIE �
IS: �
1A1:
Referral Fees:
RB115
Access Permit
LUCOI
County Clerk
193
County Engineer
194
Environmental Health
198
Housing
190
Land Management
196
Wildlife Officer
I,> 0
TTR'17 -�
# OFCOPIE �
IS: �
1A1:
Building Fees:
170
Board of Appeals
135
Building Code Sales
105
Building Permit
100
Contractor License
120
Electrical Permit
195
Energy Code Review
115
Mechanical Permit
150
Plan Check
110
Plumbing permit
130
Reinspection
151
Aspen Sanitation
152
AVFD Fire Marshal
I,> 0
TTR'17 -�
# OFCOPIE �
IS: �
1A1:
Other Fees:
155
Use Tax
165
Copy
Performance Deposit
185
Park Dedication
186
Parking Cash In Lieu
166
GIS Maps
is
GIS Requirements
RB116
Road Impact Fees
B1202
Road Impact Fee
I,> 0
TTR'17 -�
# OFCOPIE �
IS: �
1A1: