HomeMy WebLinkAboutbocc.res.131.2003 A RESOLUTION OF TIIE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS,
PITKIN COUNTY, COLORADO,
ADOPTING ANNEX V TO TIIE
PITKIN COUNTY BASIC EMERGENCY PLAN
"TERRORIST INCIDENT RESPONSE"
RESOLUTIOH -2003
1. Colorado law, Section 24-32-2107(8), C.R.S., better known as the "Colorado
Disaster Emergency Act of 1992', stipulates that each local disaster agency shall prepare
and keep current a local or inter-jurisdictional disaster emergency plan; and
2. Colorado law, Section 24-32-2107(9), C.R.S., states that a local or inter-
jurisdictional disaster agency shall prepare and distribute to all appropriate officials in
written form a clear and complete statement of the emergency responsibilities o fall local .
agencies and officials and of the disaster chain of command.
3. The Pitkin County Board of County Commissioners approved Resolution No.
055-2002 adopting an Emergency Management Plan for Pitkin County. That Resolution
provided for continuing review and revision of the Plan by the Public Safety Council.
4. The Public Safety Council, at its regular meeting October 1, 2003, determined
that Annex V regarding "Terrorist Incident Response", which had been in draft form, was
ready for formal adoption.
NOW, TIIEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE Board of County Commissioners
that it does hereby adopt Annex V, "Terrorist Incident Response" to the Pitkin County
Emergency Plan.
INTRODUCED, FIRST READ, AND SET FOR PUBLIC HEARING on the October 8,
2003.
NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING PUBLISHED IN THE ASPEN TIMES WEEKLY on
October 11, 2003.
ADOPTED AFTER FINAL READING AND PUBLIC HEARING on October 22, 2003.
PUBLISHED AFTER ADOPTION IN THE ASPEN TIMES WEEKLY on October 25,
2003.
/
ATTEST:
Date: l0 -~ ¥~3
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
Pitkin County Attorney
Robert C. Braudis
Pitkin County Sheriff
MANAGER APPROVAL:
pH::~ ~ l:ut Cn thf~ tnha g e r
RECOMMENDED FOR APPROVAL:
Ellen W. Anderson
Emergency Management Coordinator
A RESOLUTION OF THE BOARD OF
COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF PITI~N COUNTY, COLO~4.DO,
ESTABLISHING THE COUNTY'S EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN
...... Resoluti6n No. _~_.~-2002
KECITALS
1. Colorado law to title 24, Article 32, Part 2107 #8, Colorado Revised Statutes, better
know as the "Colorado Disaster Emergency Act, of 1992", stipulates that each local
disaster agency shall prepare and keep current a local or inter-jurisdictional disaster
emergency plan; and
" 2. Colorado law to title 24, Article, 32, Part 2107 # 9, Colorado Revised Statutes, states
that a local or inter-jurisdictional disaster ageniy shall prepare and distribute to all
appropriate officials in written form a clear and complete statement.of the emergency
responsibilities o fall local agencies and officials and of the disaster chain of command.
3. The County's Emergency Management Coordinator has developed an Emergei~cy
Management Plan, dated March 2002, a copy of which is attached.
4. To ensure the plan is current, members of the Public Safety Council shall conduct a -
· review of the Basic Plan, Appendices and Annexes every two year~. If it is found that
significant revisiorm are necessary to the Basic Plan or Annexes (not the appendices),
then they shall be revised and undergo the formal resolution process. It shall not be
necessary for Appendices to undergo the formal resolution process.
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED by the Board of County Commissioners o£ Pitldn
County, Colorado:
1. 'The Pitkin County Emergency Management Plan is hereby adopted.
2. The Emergency Management Coordinator is directed to distribute the plan to
appropriate agencies.
3. The Pitkin County Public Safety Council shall review the Emergency
Management Plan every two years and make revisions if appropriate.
INTRODUCED, FIRST READ, AND SET FOR PUBLIC HEARING AT
REGULAR IV~u]=RING ON THE 27m DAY OF MARCH 2002.
NOTICE OF PUBLIC I-IEARING PUB! .T~I4h-D IN _T}{E ASPEN TLA{ES ON THE 30Ih
DAY OF MARCH 2002.
APPROVt~D AND ADOPTED AFTER SECOND READING AND PUBLIC HEARING
ON THE l(kh DAY OF APRIL, 2002.
PUBLISI4~D ~ ADOPTION IN TI-lB ASPEN TIdiES ON TH~ 20~h
DAY OF APRIL, 2002.
ATTEST: BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
OF PITKIN COUNTY, COLORADO
Patti Kay-Clapper. Cli/irperson
D~0[~ty Clerk & Re~Yorder Date: 0'~' t C - OZ
APPROVED AS TO FORM: MANAGER APPROVAL:
· Courtly Attorney County i~ranager
Pitldn County Sheriff c~~Z..-~
Pitkin County Emergency Management Plan - ANNEX V
TERRORISM
ANNEX V
Pitldn CounO,
ANNEX V
TERRORIST 1NCIDENTRESPONSE
Pitkin County Emergency Management Plan - ANNEX V
TERRORISM
...................... Annex V .......
APPROVAL & IMPLEMENT,,I TION
Terrorist Incident Response
Robert C. Braudis Date
Pitldn County Sheriff
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Pitkln County Emergency Management Plan - ANNEX V
TERRORISM
RECORD OF CtlANGES .
Te~'rorist Incident Response
Date of
Change # Change Entered By Date Entered
November, 2003 Page V-ii
Pitkin County Emergency Management Plan. ANNEX V
TERRORISM
November, 2003 Page V-iii
Pitkin County Emergency Management Plan. ANNEX V.
TERRORISM
I. AUTIIORITY
A. Federal
.... 1. Public Law 102-201, Defense Against Weapons of Mass Destruction Act
2. Terrorism Annex to the Federal Response Plan
3. FederaI Radiological Emergency Response Plan
4. Presidential Decision Directive 39, US Policy on Terrorism
5. Presidential Decision Directive 62, Combating Terrorism
6. Presidential Decision Directive 63, Critical Infrastructure Protection
B. State
Annex' V (Terrorist Incident Response) to the Colorado Office of Emergency Management Plan
C. Local
See Basic Plan.
II. PURPOSE
The purpose of this annex is to:
1. Outline operational concepts and tasks and to assign responsibilities for preparing for and
responding to terrorist incidents that may occur.
2. Describe state and federal assistance that may be available to assist in the response to a
terrorist incident.
III. EXPLANATION OF TERMS
A. Acronyms (See Appendix 7 for a more detailed list)
ECC Emergency Coordination Center
EMS Emergency Medical Service
FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation,
lC Incident Commander
ICP Incident Command Post
ICS Incident Command System ._
JIC Joint Information Center
WMD ' Weapons of Mass Destruction
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Pitkin County Emergency Management Plan. ANNEX V
TERRORISM
B. Definitions (See Appendix 6 for a more detailed list)
1. Anti-terrorism Activities. Use of defensive methods, including intelligence collection,
investigation, passive protection of facilities, implementation of physical and personnel
security programs, and emergency planning, to combat terrorism. - ......
2. Consequence Management. Measures taken.to protect public health and safety, restore
essential government services, and provide emergency relief to governments, businesses,
and individuals affected by the consequences of terrorism. Emergency management
agencies normally have the lead role in consequence management.
3. Counter-t~rrorism Activities. Use of offensive measure to combat terrorism, such as use
of law enforcement and military resources to neutralize terrorist operations.
4. Crisis Management. Measures taken to define the threat and identify terrorists, prevent
terrorist acts, resolve terrorist incidents, investigate such incidents, and apprehend those
responsible. Law enforcement agencies will normally take the lead role in crisis
management.
5. HazMat. Hazardous materials.
~6. T~hnical Operations. Actions to identify, assess, dismantle, transfer, or d!spose of
WMD or decontaminate persons and property exposed to the effects of WMD.
7. Terrorist Incident. A violent act, or an act dangerous to human life, in violation of the
criminal laws of the United States or of any state, to intimidate or coerce a government,
the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political and social
objectives.
8. Weapons of Mass Destruction. WMD include: (1) explosive, incendiary, or poison gas
bombs, grenades, rockets, or mines; (2) poison gas; (3) any weapon involving a disease
organism; or (4) any weapon that is designed to release radiation or radioactivity at a
level dangerous to human life.
IV. SITUATION & ASSU3iPTIONS
A. Situation
1. Pitldn County is vulnerable to terrorist incidents. 'A significant terrorist attack is
considered unlikely. However, the consequences of a major terrorist incident could be
catastrophic; hence, mitigating against, preparing for, responding to and recovering from
such incidents is an important function of government. ~
2. Terrorism is both ;~ law enforcement and emergency management problem.
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Pitkin County Emergency Management Plan - ANNEX V
TERRORISM
a. Virtually all terrorist acts involve violation of laws. Hence, law enforcement
agencies gather ~d analyze intelligence on terrorists and may develop estimates 6f
their intentions. Access to this criminal intelligence 'information is necessarily
limited, but significant threats must be communicated by law enforcement agencies to
those local officials who can implement protective measures and alert emergency
responders. Coordination betxveen law enforcement and emergency management
personnel is vital to ensure that appropriate readiness actions are taken, while still
protecting law enforcement sources and methods.
b. In a terrorist incident, the incident area may be simultaneously a crime scene, a
HazMat site, and a disaster area that may cross the boundaries of several jurisdictions.
There are often competing needs in the aftermath of a terrorist act - law enforcement
agencies want to protect the crime scene in order to gather evidence, while emergency
responders may need to bring in extensive equipment and personnel to conduct search
and rescue operations. It is essential that the incident command team establishes
operating areas and formulates a plan of action that considers the needs of both
groups.
3. Since' terrorist acts may be violations of local, state, and federal law, the response to a
significant local terrorism threat or actual incident may include state and federal response
agencies.
4. Local resources for combating terrorist attacks are very limited. In the event of a
significant terrorist threat or incident, it is anticipated that state and federal resources will
be requested in order to supplement local capabilities.
$. The presence of chemical or biological agents may not be recognized until some time
after casualties occur. There may be a delay in identifying the agent present and in
determining the appropriate protective measures. Such agents may quickly dissipate or
be persistent.
6. In the ease of an attack with a biological agent, the'initial dissemination of the agent may
occur outside the local area or even in other counties, but still produce victims in the local
area.
7. An assessment of possible terrorist target facilities in Pitkin County has been completed.
However, because the Basic Plan and annexes are public documents, the facilities that
have been identified will not be published in this document. They will be made available
to County and local agencies on a need to know basis and for planning purposes.
B. Assumptions .'
1. Terrorist attacks may be directed at government facilities, public and private institutions,
business or industry, transportation, and individuals or groups. Such acts may involve:
arson; shootings; bombings, including use of weapons of mass destruction (nuclear,
November, 2003 Page V-6 . /,~
Pitkin County Emergency Management Plan. ANNEX V
TERRORISM
chemical, or biological agents); kidnapping or hostage taking; sabotage; and other
activities.
2. Terrorist attacks may or may not be preceded by a warning or a threat, and may at first
appear to-be an ordinary hazardous materials incident.. Attacks may occur at multiple
locations and may be accompanied by fire, explosion, or other acts of sabotage.
3. A device may be set'off to attract emergency responders, then a second device set off for
the purpose of injuring emergency responders.
4. Effective response to the use of WMD may require:
a. Specialized equipment to dete~:t and identify chemical or biological agents
b. A mass decontamination capability
c. The means to treat mass casualties, including conducting triage and using specialized
pharmaceuticals that have a narrow window of effect
d. The capability to deal with mass fatalities
§. Inju/'ies from a terrorist attack may be both physical and psychological.
t5. Recovery from a terrorist attack can be coml~licated by the presence of persistent agents,
additional threats, extensive physical damages and mass casualties.
7. In mo.st cases, significant state and federal terrorist incident response support cannot be
provided kvithin the first few hours of an incident. Considerable state and federal
terrorism response resources are available, but it may take 6 to 12 hours to activate and
deploy such resources on a large-scale.
V. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
A. General
The response to ierrorism includes two major func!ions, crisis management and consequence
management, which may be carried out consecutively or concurrently in the case of an
incident that occurs without waming.
B. Crisis Management & Consequence Management
1. Crisis Management.
a. Pre-incident crisis managemefit activities include'efforts to define the threat, identify
terrorists, and prevent terrorist acts. Post incident crisis management activities
include efforts to resolve the terrorist incident, investigate it and apprehend those
responsible. Law enforcement agencies have the lead in terrorism crisis management
activities.
November, 2003 Page V-7
Pitkin County Emergency Management Plan - ANNEX V
TERRORISM
1) The ?itkin County Sheriff's Office ha~ the lead.local role in terrorism crisis
management and will coordinate its efforts with state and federal law enforcement
agencies as appropriate.
2) The Department of Local Affairs (DOLA) is the lead stat~ agency for terrorism
incident response. DOLA will coordinate the state law enforcement response to a
potential terrorist incident and use of state resources to support crisis management
activities..
3) The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the lead federal agency and will
manage the federal crisis management response.
b. When a credible risk or' a terrorist attack exists, Pitkin County will activate the
Emergency Coordination Center (ECC) or, if security necessitates, activate a
secondary facility to facilitate coordinated terrorism crisis management operations.
DOLA and the FBI shall be invited to provide liaison personnel to participate in crisis
management operations and coordinate the use o£ state and federal resources.
2. Consequence Management
a. Consequence management activities undertaken to deal with effects of a terrorist
incident are conducted in essentially the same manner as the response and reco.very
operatior[s for other' emergencies or disasters. Post-incident crisis management
activities, such as investigation, evidence gathering, and pu~uit of suspects, may
continue during consequence management. The lead agencies for crisis management
and consequence management should mutually determine when crisis management
activities are complete.
l) The Response Incident Management Group shall normally have the lead local role
in terrorism consequence management for most types of terrorist incidents, but the
Executive Public Health Director may be assigned the lead local role in terrorism
co. nsequenee management for incidents involving biological agents.
2) DOLA is the lead state agency in terrorism consequence management. The State
EOC will coordinate state resource support for local terrorism consequence
management operations.
3) FEMA is the lead federal .agency for consequence management operations and
shall coordinate federal resource support for such operations.
b. The agencies responsible for terrorism consequence management operations shall
coordinate their efforts with law enforcement authorities conducting crisis
management operations. (See Appendix 4 ofthe Basic Plan)
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' Pitkin County Emergency Management Plan - ANNEX V
TERRORISM
C. Implementation of the Incident Command System (ICS)
1. If there is a local incident site, an incident command post (ICP) shall be established to
manage emergency operations at that incident site. The first responding agency to accept
...... the Incident *Command (IC) will designate the Incident Commander. The Incident---
Commander will direct and control responding resources and designate emergency
operating areas. Typical operating area boundaries established for a terrorist incident
may include:
a. The Crime Scene Boundary defines the crime scene. The crime scene may include
the area referred to in. technical operations as the "red zone" or '`working point".
State, federal, or local law enforcement personnel may restrict access to the crime
scene. Response activities within the crime scene may require special care in order to
protect evidence.
b. The llazMat Boundary defines the HazMat site, which is referred to in HazMat
operations as thc "hot zone" and may be termed the "isolation area" or "exclusion
zone" by other responders, and may include the HazMat upwind "warm zone"
utilized for contamination control and rescue staging. Depending on the spread of
contaminants, the HazMat site may include some or the entire crime scene. Entry
into thc HazMat boundary is normally restricted to response personnel equipped with
personal protective equipment (PPE) and using decontamination procedures.
c'. The Incident Boundary includes the crime scene, the HazMat area, the "cool zone"·
or "support zone" used for incident support operations such as resource staging and
· casualty collection, and areas where protective actions, such as shelter-in-place or
evacuation, may be recommended or mandatory measures, such as quarantine,
imposed. Access to this area is normally controlled; if quarantine, is implemented,
egress may also be restricted.
2. ICS-ECC Interface. The Incident Commander and the ECC Director shall agree upon a
division of responsibilities. The Incident Commander will normally manage field
operations at the incident site and in adjacent areas. The ECC will normally mobilize and
provide local resources, disseminate emergency public information, organize and
implement large-scale evacuation, coordinate care for casualties, coordinate shelter and
mass care for evacuees, arrange mortuary support, and, if local resources are insufficient
or inappropriate, request assistance from other jurisdictions or the State.
3. Implementation of Unified Command. As state and federal responders arrive, the IMG
transitions from an incident command operation to a unified command arrangement.
4. If there is no local incident site, which may be the case in incidents involving biological
agents, consequence management activities will be directed and controlled from the local
ECC. An Incident Commander ma~ be designated. When state and federal response
fomes arrive, the ECC may be used as a unified command operations center.
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TERRORISM
D. Coordination of Crisis Management and Consequence Management
Activities
5. Law enforcement agencies involved in crisis management shall keep those responsible
-' for consequence management informed of decisions made that may have implications for
consequence management so that resources may be properly postured for emergency
response and recovery should consequence management become necessary. Because of
the sensitivity of law enfomement sources and methods and certain crisis management
activities, it may be necessary to r6strict dissemination of some information to selected
emergency management and public health officials who have a need to know. Those
individuals may have to carry out some preparedness activities surreptitiously.
6. Until such time as law enfomement and emergency management personnel agree that
crisis management activities have been concluded, law enforcement personnel shall:
· Participate in Incident Command or ECC operations to advise those carrying out
consequence management operations with respect to protection of the crime
scene,
· Collect evidence, and
· Investigate facts that may have bearing on emergency operations.
· P.articipate with DOLA and the FBI, which normally provide personnel in a
unified command operation to coordinate state and federal law enforcement
assistance.
7. A Joint Information Center, staffed by local, state and federal public affairs personnel,
may be established as part of the unified command orgahization to collect, process and
disseminate information to the public.
E. Protective Actions
8. Responders/. Emergency personnel responding to a terrorist incident must be protected
from the various hazards that a'terrorist incident can produce. These include:
· Blast effects,
· Penetrating and fragmenting weapons,
· Fire,
· Asphyxiation,
Hazardous chemicals,
· Toxic substances,
Radioactive materials, and
Disease-causing material.
· See the discussion of threat weapons and their effects in Appendix 3.
9. Though the type of protection reqmred vanes depen, dmg on the hazard, there are three
basic principles of protection that apply to all hazards': time, distance and shielding.
ow or, O0
' Pitkln County Emergency Management Plan - ANNEX V
TERRORISM
a. Time. Emergency workers should spend the shortest time possible in the hazard area
or exposed to the hazard. Use techniques such as rapid entries to execute
reconnaissance or rescue and rotate personnel in the hazard area.
· b. Distance. Maximize the distance between hazards and emergency responders and the
public. For chemical, radiolog~cal, and explosive hazards, recommended isolation
and protective action distances are included in the Emergency Response Guidebook
(ERG).
¢. Shielding. Use appropriate shielding to address specific hazards. Shielding can
include vehicl&s, buildings, protective clothing and personnel protective equipment.
2. The Public. Protective actions for the public must be selected and implemented based on
the hazards present and appropriate instructions and information provided to the public
through usual means of warning and public information. Protective actions for the public
may include:
· Evacuation.
· She!ter-in-place.
· Access control to deny entry into contaminated areas.
· Restrictions on the use of contaminated foodstuffs.
· Restrictions on the use of contaminated public water supplies.
· For incidents involving biological agents, protective actions taken to prevent the
spread of disease may include:
1) Isolation of diseased victims within medical facilities.
2) Quarantines to restrict movement of people and livestock in specific
geographic areas.
3) Closure of schools and businesses.
4) Restrictions on mass gatherings, such as sporting events.
Such measures are normally recommended and imposed by the Executive Public
Health Director.
F. Requesting External Assistance
3. Requests for state assistance will be made by the ShefiWs Office. If a request for
assistance cannot be satisfied with resources available in the County, it will be forwarded
to the State EOC for action. If state resources cannot satisfy the request, the State will
request assistance from the Federal government or other states..
4. Depending on the severity of the incident, the Board of County Commissioners at the
recommendation of the ShefiWs Office may issue a local disaster declaration and request
assistance from the Governor. The Governor may declare a State of Disaster for the local
November, 2003 Page V-11 /7
Pitkin County Emergency Management Plan - ANNEX V
TERRORISM
area and request thc President issue an emergency or disaster declaration for thc local
G. Coordination of Local Medical Response to Bio. logical. Weapons Incidents
As the medical response to an incident involving biological agents must include the local
medical community as a group, the local and state health departments and federal health
agencies directing the response should undertake to coordinate the efforts of local medical '
providers to ensure that a consistent approach to health issues is taken. Hence, concise
information on the threat, recommendations on what should be done to combat it, ~nd
instructions on handling victims must be provided to all 'hospitals, clinics, nursing homes,
home health care agencies, individual physicians, pharmacies, school nursing staffs, and
other medical providers. The local health department or state public health region field
office, that are normally most familiar with community health providers, will coordinate with
the local medical response. They may request assistance from local professional
organizations in providing information to all members of the local medical community.
H. Acti¥ities by Phases of Emergency Management
1. Mitigation
Carry out anti-terrorist activities, including:
a. Identify potential terrorist targets and determine their vulnerability. For targets that
may produce hazardous effects if attacked, determine the population and special
facilities at risk.
b. Develop information on the composition, capabilities and intentions of potential
terrorist groups.
c. Develop and implement educational security programs for public facilities that are
potential targets. Recommend such programs to private property owners.
d. Implement passive facility protection programs to reduce the vulnerability of new and
existing government-owned facilities believed to be potential targets. Recommend
such programs to private property owners.
e. Encourage all local medical facilities to participate in mass casualty exercises and
stock specialized pharmaceuticals, such as chemical agent antidotes.
2. Preparedness
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TERRORISM
a. Conduct or arrange terrorism a~vareness training and periodic refresher training for
law enforcement, fire service, and EMS personnel and for emergency management
staff. Conduct training for other agencies such as public works, utilities and
hospitals.
b. Develop emerger~cy communications procedures that take into account the
communications monitorifig capabilities of some terrorist groups.
¢. Maintain terrorist profile information on groups suspected 9fbeing active in the local
area.
d. Establish appropriate mutual aid agreements.
o. Conduct drills and exercises to test pl~ns, procedures and training.
f. Conduct awareness programs for businesses that handle inventories of potential
weapon making materials and chemicals and ask for their cooperation in reporting
suspicious activities.
g. If potential terrorist groups appear to be expanding their activities, consider
appropriate increased readiness actions.
3. Response
See the Terrorist Incident Response Checklist in Appendix 1.
3. Recovery
a. Decontaminate incident sites ahd other affected areas. State and/or federal agencies
may oversee this effort, which may be conducted by contractors.
b. Identify and restrict access to all structurally unsafe buildings.
¢. Remediation and cleanup of any hazardous materials that have entered or might enter
local water, sewer, or drainage systems.
d. 'Provide traffic control for the return of evacuees.
e.. For evacuees who cannot return to their homes, assist in arranging temporary
housing.
f. For contaminated areas that ¢annot be decontaminated and returned to normal use in
the near term, develop and implement appropriate access controls.
g. Investigat.e cause of incident and prosecute those believed to be responsible.
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TERRORISM
h. Maintain records of use of personnel, equipment and supplies used in response and
recovery for possible recovery from the responsible party or reimbursement by the
state or federal government.
.......... i. Conduct critical incident stress management activities.
j. Debrief response personnel, prepare incident report and update plans and procedures
on the basis of lessons learned.
..
k. Restore normal services.
· VI. ORGANIZATION & ASSIGNMENT OF RESPONSIBILITIES
A. Organization
1. Our normal emergency organization, which is described in the basic plan, will can7 out
the response' to and recovery from terrorist incidents.
2. As terrorist acts often violate state and federal law and regulations, state and federal law
enfomement agencies and other agencies having regulatory responsibilities may respond
to such incidents. In order to effectively coordinate our efforts with state and federal
agencies, we may transition from our normal incident command operation to a unified
command organization when the situation warrants.
B. Assignment of Respon§ibilities
1. The Sheriff's Office will:
a. Provide policy guidance with response to anti-terrorism and counter-terrorism
programs.
b. Provide general direction for response and recovery operations in the aftermath of a
terrorism incident.
2. Emergency Management Coordinator will:
a. Coordinate regularly with the local Law Enforcement and the Sheriff's Office with
respect to the terrorist threat and determine appropriate readiness actions during
periods of increased threat.
b. In conjunction with other local officials, make an assessment of the local terrorist
tttreat, identify high-risk targets, determine the vulnerabilities of such targets and the
potential impact.upon the population, and recommend appropriate mitigation and
preparedness activities.
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Pitkin County Emergency Management Plan - ANNEX V,
TERRORISM
c. In coordination with other local officials, recommend appropriate training for
emergency respon~lers, emergency management personnel and other local officials.
d. Coordinate periodic drills and exercises to test plans, procedures and training.
e. Develop and conduct terrorism awareness programs for the public and for businesses
dealing in weapons or materials that may be used by terrorists to produce weapons.
f. Coordinate the development of common communication procedures.
g. Promote a business inventory monitoring system through the Local Emergency
Preparedness Committee (LEPC).
3. The Incident Commander will:
a. Establish an incident command post (ICP) and control and direct emergency response
resources at the incident scene from that ICP to resolve the incident.
b. Determine'and implement initial protective actions for emergency responders and the
public in the vicinity of the incident site.
· ¢. Provide an initial incident ~ssessment, request additional resources if needed, and
provide periodic updates to the ECC.
d] Request that a liaison officer from each participating agency b'e present at the ICP or
ECC.
e. Establish a specific division of responsibilities 'between the incident command
operation and the ECC. ~
~. Transition the incident command operation to a unified command operation when
significant external resources arrive.
3. Law Enforcement will:
a. Conduct anti-terrorist operations and maintain terrorist profile information. Advise
· the emergency management staff, DOLA and the FBI of significant terrorist threats.
b. Recommend passive protection and security programs for high-risk government
facilities and make recommendations for such programs to the owners/operators of
private faeilifies.
e. Conduct terrorism response ~raining programs for the law enforcement personnel and
supporl public education and awareness activities.
Pitkin County Emergency Management Plan. ANNEX V
TERRORISM
d.Provide law enforcement representatives as appropriate to the Incident Comraand
Post and the ECC.
e. Secure the scene, reroute traffic and implement crowd control measures if necessary.
f. Make notifications of terrorist incidents to DOLA, the FBI, and other law
enforcement agencies.
g. Brief emergency response personnel on crime scene protection.
h. Coordinate the deployment and operation of counter-terrorist response elements.
i. Conduct reconnaissance in vicinity of the incident site to identify threats from
delayed action and secondary weapons.
j. Organize and conduct evacuation o f the public and of special facilities if required.
k. In coordination with state and federal authorities, investigate incident; identify and
apprehend suspects.
1. Restrict access to apparently unsafe structures, pending further evaluation.
4. Fire Departments & Rescue Services will:
a.. Coordinate all fire and rescue operations during terrorist incidents.
b. Dispatch and deploy fire personnel and equipment during an emergency.
c. Control fires ifnec, essary.
d. Conduct search and rescue operations as needed and coordinate efforts ~vith Aspen
Mountain Rescue..
e. Provide support for evacuation operations if requested.
f. Set up decontamination area for emergency responders and victims, if needed.
g. Carry out initial decontamination of victims, if required. Procedure~ must be
available for emergency decontamination of large numbers ofpeople.
h. Identify requirements for debris clearance to expedite fire response and search and
rescue.
i. Activate fire and rescue mutual aid as needed.
5. Health and Medical Services (EMS) will:
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Pitkin County Emergency Management Plan. ANNEX V
TERRORISM
a. Respond to medical emergency calls.
b. If mass casualties have occurred, establish triage.
c. Provide emergency medical care to the injured.
d. Transport patients in .a timely manner to appropriate medical facilities. ·
e. Request medical mutual aid if necessary.
f. Assign a liaison at the ICP and/or ECC, ifneeded.
6. Public Works, Engineering, Building and Road & Bridge Departments will:
a. If requested, assign liaison personnel to the ECC and Incident Command Post.
b. Clear and/or remove debris as directed.
c. Support search and rescue operations.
d. Provide emergency power and lighting at the incident site upon request.
e. Provide emergency power supplies at other facilities upon requdst.
[. Provide barricades and temporary fencing as requested.
g. Carry out emergency repairs to streets and bridges as necessary to support emergency
operations and restore essential traffic.
h. Conduct preliminary assessment of damage to structures, streets and utilities.
Provide other public works and engineering support for emergency operations as
necessary.
]. Request mutual aid assistance, if necessary.
k. Identify apparently unsafe structures; restrict access to such structures pending further
evaluation.
7. Utility/Water & Wastewater Departments %vill
a. Carry out emergency repairs to water and wastewater systems as'necessary to support
emergency operations and restore essential public sec'vices.
November, 2003 Page V-17 ~ ~
Pitkin County Emergency Management Plan. ANNEX V
TERRORISM
b.In coordination with local and state public heath agencies, ensure the safety of water
and wastewater systems. Initiate water conservation procedures, if required.
c. Conduct preliminary assessment of damage to water, wastewater and drainage
-- systems and utilities .....................
d. Identify to the ECCrequirements for emergency drinking water supplies from outside
sources if needed.
8. Ail Other Departments and Agencies
a. Provide personnel, equipment, and supply support for emergency operations upon
' ' request.
b. Provide trained personnel to staffthe ECC.
c. Provide technical assistance to the Incident Commander and the ECC upon request.
d. Participate in terrorism awareness training, drills and exemises.
VII.' DIRECTION & CONTROL
A. The Sheriff's Office and Response RvlG will provide general guidance for emergency
operations, including the response to terrorist incidents. During periods of heightened
terrorist threat or after an incident has occurred, the local ECC will be activated.
B. The Response IMG, EMC, County Manager and/or other delegated officials will provide
overall direction of the terrorist incident response activities of other departments and
agencies. During a terrorist incident(s), individuals identified above will normally can7 out
those responsibilities from the ECC.
C. The Incident Commander, assisted by a staff sufficient for the tasks to be performed, xvill
manage the emergency response at the incident site from an ICP. If terrorist attacks affect
multiple widely separated facilities, separate incident command operations may be set up.
D. Ifour own resources are insufficient or inappropriate tb deal with an emergency situation, we
may request assistance from other jurisdictions pursuant to mutual aid agreements or from
organized volunteer groups. Mutual aid personnel and volunteers will normally work under
the immediate control of their own supervisors. Ail response agencies are expected to
conform to the general guidance provided by our senior decision-makers and carry out
mission assignments directed by the Incident Commander or the ECC.
E. In a large-scale terrorist incident, significant help will be needed from other local
governments; state agencies and the federal government. As these external resources arrive,
it is anticipated that a transition will be made from the normal incident command system to a
unified command operation. In a unified command arrangement, leaders of all participating
November, 2003 Page V-18
Pitkin County Emergency Management Plan - ANNEX V
TERRORISM
response forces agree on general objectives, priorities and strategies for resolving the
emergency situation.
VIII. READINESS LEVELS
A, Readiness Level 1 - Normal Conditions
This level is defined as day-to-day activities with normal response efforts.
B. Readiness Level 2 - Increased Readiness
1. When local law enforcement personnel determine or are advised by Colorado Bureau of ·
Investigation (CBI) or the FBI that there is a credible threat of near-term local terrorist '
action, law enforcement personnel shall alert the Sheriffs Office and other Law
Enforcement agencies in the valley, EMC, Fire Districts, medical facilities, Emergency
Medical Services (EMS) and other appropriate local officials. Those individuals shall
review the potential emergency situation, plans, and procedures and determine and
implement appropriate readiness actions. These may include:
a. E~panding criminal intelligence operations;
b. Reviewing personnel and equipment status and taking actions to enhance resource
availability;,
c. Reviexving inventory of critical consumable supplies, filling shortages and increasing
stocks ifneeded;
d. Increasing security at and surveillance of public facilities that are potential targets,
e. Recommending to the owners or operators of privately-owned facilities that they take
similar steps;
f. Briefing local public health and hospital managers on the potential thr~at; and
g. Placing selected emergency response elements on higher state of readiness.
2. Consistent with the need for security to protect intelligence sources and depending on the
situation, disseminate non-sensitive threat awareness information to the public.
C. Readiness Level 3 - lligh Readifiess
1. Further increase security at and surveillance of potential targets.
2. Further increase readiness of emergency response forces and advise public health and
medical facilities to do likewise.
3. Consider partial aetivation of the ECC to monitor situation and maintain data on resource
status.
4. Depending on the specific situation and the need for security to protect intelligence
sources, disseminate non-sensitive information and, if needed, instructions to the public.
November, 2003 Page V-19 ~ ~-
Pitkin County Emergency Management Plan. ANNEX V
TERRORISM
D. Readiness Level 4 - Maximum Readiness
1. Implement most rigorous security measures.
2. Bring ~:esponse forces to maximum readiness.
3. Activate the ECC to monitor the situation and maintain data on resource status.
4. Disseminate non-sensitive information and, if needed, instructions to the public.
5. Determine and implement precautionary protective measures for the public in selected
areas or for specific facilities where appropriate.
IX. ADMINISTRATION & SUPPORT
A. Reports & Records
1. Situation Report. During emergency operations for terrorist incidents, a daily situation
report shall be prepared and distributed to the local Public Safety agencies, the Office of
£mergeney Management, and the local FBI office. See Annex N, Direction and Control,
for the format of and instructions for this report.
2. Records Relating to Emergency Operations
a. Activity Logs. The Incident Command Post and the ECC shall maintain accurate logs
recording key response activities and the commitment of resources.
b. Cost Records for Terrorist Incident Response. ~or terrorist incidents, all departments
and agencies participating in the emergency response shall maint-~in detailed records
of labor costs, equipment usage and supplies expended. These records may be used
to recover allowable response and recovery costs from the federal government if the
President issues a disaster declaration or in the event of a federal emergency.
B. Preservation of Records
As terrorists often target government facilities, goverrament records are at risk during terrorist
incidents. To the extent possible, legal, property, and tax records ~hould be protected. The'
principal causes of damage to records are fire and water. If government records are damaged
during the incident response, the ECC should be promptly advised so that timely professional
assistance can be sought to preserve and restore them.
C. After Action Review
The EMC is responsible for organizing and conducting a critique following the conclusion of
a significant terrorist incident in accordance with the guidance contained in the Basic Plan.
November, 2003 Pager-20 ~6''
Pitkin County Emergency Management Plan - ANNEX V
TERRORISM
X. ANNEX DEVELOPMEN'I' & MAINTENANCE
A. Development. Law Enforcement Agencies are responsible for developing and
maintaining this annex.
Fi, Maintenance. This annex will be reviewed armuaIly and updated in accordance with the
schedule outlined in the Basic Plan.
November, 2003 Pager-21 ~
Pitkin County Emergency Management Plan. ANNEX V
TERRORISM
X'L REFERENCES
FEMA, Guide for All-Hazard Emergency Operations Planning (SLG-101).
Jane's Info/mation Group, Jane's Chem-Bio Handbook. * ...........
US Department of Transportation/Transport Canada, Emergency Response Guidebook.
APPENDICES:
1 ....................................................................................... Terrorist Incident Response Checklist
2 ............................................................................................................ Useful Points of Contact
3 ...................................................... Terrorist Weapons, Effects & Emergency Response Needs
4 ............................................................................................... Specialized Response Resources
5 ........................................................................................... Federal Departments and Agencies
6 ............................................ : ..................................................................................... Definitions
7 ...................................................................... ... ........................................................... Acronyms
8 ....................................................................... InformationFlowChanForABiolog~calEvent'
November, 2003 Page V-22
Appendix to Annex V
Appendix 1
TERRORIST INCIDENT RESPONSE CtlECKLIST
The response actions below are most appropriate for an incident involving conventional
weapons, nuclear devices, or chemical hgents where there is a siS~cifie incident 16cati0ni
Action Item Assigned
INITIAL RESPONSE:
I. Deploy response forces
2. Activate incident command post at the incident site to direct emergency
operations.
3. If incident appears to be terrorism-related, ensure law enforcement
personnel are advised and respond to the incident site.
4. Isolate the area and deny entry. Reroute traffic as needed.
5. Determine and report:
· Observed indicators of use of chemical/biological weapons
· Wind direction and weather conditions at scene
· Plume direction, ifany
· Approximate number of apparent victims
· Orientation of victims
· Types of victim injuries and symptoms observed
· Observations or statements of witnesses
6. If possible, determine type of weapon used using appropriate detection
equipment, response guides, damage characteristics and casualty
symptoms
7. Establish scene control zones (hot, warm and cold) and determine safe
access routes 8: location of staging area. Establish initial operating
boundaries for crime scene and incident area.
8. Implement crowd control measures, ifnecessary
'9. Determine & implement requirements for protective clothing and
equipment for emergency responders.
10. Establish communications amont~ all response groups.
11. Protect against secondary attack.
12. Activate the ECC to support emergency operations.
13. Determine requirements for specialized response support.
14. Make notification to state and federal law enforcement and emergency
management agencies.
15. Obtain external technical assistance .to determine potential follow-up
effects.
16. Request/deploy hazardous materials response team, if appropriate.
17. Request/deploy bomb squad or ATF support, if appropriate.
18. Identify areas that may be at risk from delayed weapon effects.
· Determine & implement protective measures for public in those areas.
· Determine & implement protective measures for special facilities at risk.
November, 2003 Page V-A-23 ~
Appendix to Annex V
19. Extinguish fires and identify potential hazards such as raptured gas lines,
downed power lines and residual hazardous materials.
20. Make notifications to adjacent jurisdictions that may be affected.
21. If the effects of the incident could adversely affect water or wastewater
. .. systems, advise system operators to implement protective measures.
~'Action Item Assigned
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT:.
22. Advise EMS and hospitals of possibility of mass casualties/contaminated
victims.
23. Establish site for patient triage.
24. Establish site for gross decontamination (if appropriate) and a casualty
collection area for decontaminated victims located away from the site of
primary emergency operation, but accessible by transport vehicles.
25. Conduct initial triage and provide basic medical aid to victims in warrc
zone if protective equipment is not required.
26. Conduct gross decontamination of victims showing signs of
contamination.
Separate victims that show no si~as of contamination for evaluation.
27. Conduct follow-up triage & treatment of victims in cold zone.
28. Transport victims to medical facilities for further treatment.
29. Request state and/or federal medical assistance, if needed.
FATALITY MANAGEMENT:
30. Alert Coroner's Office and funeral directors of any potential mass fatality
situation ~nd arrange for temporary holding facilities for bodies, if
necessary. Hi,~hli~ht need to preserve evidence.
31. Coordinate with Coroner's Office to determine autopsy requirements for
victims. ' ·
32. Transport deceased to morse, mortuary, or temporary holding facilities.
OTHER RESPONSE ACTIONS:
33. Request additional response resources, if needed.
· Activate mutual aid agreements
· Request state or federal assistance, as needed
34. Designate staging areas for incoming resources from other jurisdictions,
state and federal agencies, and volunteer groups separate from operational
staging area.
35. If evacuation has been recommended:
· Activate shelter/mass care facilities to house evacuees.
· Provide transportation for evacuees without vehicles.
· Provide security for shelters.
36. If evacuation of special facilities (schools, nursing homes, hospitals,
correctional facilities) has been recommended:
· Assist facilities in arranging suitable transportation and carrying out
evacuation.
· Assist facilities in arranging suitable temporary reception facilities.
37. Provide information and instructions to the public.
November, 2003 Page V-A-24
Appendix ~o Annex V
· Activate emergency public information operation.
· Identify facilities for use by media.
38. Identify, collect and control evidence and conduct investigations.
39. Pursue and arrest suspects.
.... 40. Provide security in evacuated areas, if feasible.
41. Establish and operate access control points for contaminated areas
42. For incidents involving biological agents, consider measures to restrict
person-to-person transmission of disease such as quarantine, closure of
schools and/or businesses, and restrictions on mass gatherings.
,/ Action Item Assigned
43. Alert human resources agencies to provide disaster mental health services
and human services support to victims.
44. Determine how pets, livestock, and other animals left in evacuated or
contaminated areas will be handled.
45. Decontaminate essential facilities and equipment, if feasible.
46. Request technical assistance in assessing environmental effects.
November, 2003 Page V-A-25 .~/
Appendix to Annex V
Appendix 2
USEFUL POINTS.OF CONTA CT
Organization Provides Contact No.
'CHEMTREC Technical assistance for hazardous materials 1-800-424-9300
incidents. (24 hours)
CHEM-TEL Technical assistance for hazardous materials: 1-800-255-3924
incidents. (24 hours)
Chem-Bio Help Line Information on chemical & biological agents 1-800-368-6498
(Non-emergency) for state and local emergency planners. (Normal work
hours only)
Chem-Bio Hot Line Technical assistance regarding chemical & 1-800424-8802
{Emergencies) biological agents for state and local emergency (24 hours)
~ - responders.
Colorado Department of Technical assistance for emergency responders 877-518-5608
Public Health and for incidents involving radiological materials. (24 hours)
Environment
· -' National Response CenterRcportin$ Chemical Spills and Releases 800-424-8802
Nearest FBI Office Federal law enforcement assistance. Glenwood
Springs- 945-
8157
Denver-303-629-
7171
Local/Nearest ATF OfficeFederal expertise in explosive devices. 303-844-7540
Nearest Bomb Squad Explosive ordnance disposal assistance. 970-244-3649
Oil and Gas ConservationOil and Gas spills 303-860-1435
Commission
State Patrol Dispatch Emergency Spill Reporting Line 303-239-4501
Center
Nuclear Regulatory 202-586-8100
Commission (hot line)
FAA Air Route Traffic Request for air space restriction 703-771-3470
Control Center
November, 2003 Page V-A-26
Annex V
· Appendix 3
TERRORIST I~'EAPONS, EFFECTS & EMERGENCYRESPONSE NEEDS
'l. Conventional lVeapons, Explosives & Ineendlary Devices
A. Weapon Types ...................
- 1) Conventional Weapons & Explosives. Conventional weapons include guns, rocket-
propelled grenades and similar weapons. Explosives include military and commercial
explosives, such as RDX, Tfitonol, dynamite, and ammonium nifrate - fuel oil
(AN'FO). The casualty potential of conventional ~xplosive devices may be increased
by packing metallic materials such as bolts or nails around the explosive to generate
lethal fragments that can inflict casualties at considerable distances.
:~) Incendiary Devices. Incendiary devices are designed to ignite fires. They may use
liquids, such as gasoline or kerosene, or gase.s, such as propane, as their fuel.
Incendiary devices have been favorite weapons of ter~'orism due to the ready
availability of materials needed to build such devices.
3} Combination Device. Conventional explosive and incendiary materials may be used
in combination to produce blast damage and fires.
B. Weapons Effects
1) Conventional E~plosives
a) Significant blast damage to structures, including building and wall collapse, anal
blast casualties.
b) Fragmentation casualties from bomb fragments, debris, and broken glass.
¢) Fires are possible.
2) Incendiary Devices
a} Fires.
b) Secondary explosions are possible.
c) Bum casualties.
3) Combination Devices
a) Significant blast damage to slructures, including building and wall collapse, and
blast casualties.
' b) Fires.
¢) Fragmentation casualties from bomb fragments, debris, and broken glass.
C. Indications of Use
November, 2003 . Page V-A 27
· ' Annex V
1) Conventional Explosives
a) Prior warning or threat.
b) Presence of triggering devices, such as blasting caps or timers.
c) Explosive residue at scene or results from detection instruments.
-' d) Indicatiofis 0fdeliberately introduced friigmentation materials. - ..........
2) Incendiary Devices
a) Prior warning or threat.
b) Multiple fire locations.
c) Signs of accelerants or results from detection instruments.
d) Presence ofpropane/butane cylinders in other than typical locations
e) Presence of containers for flammable liquids.
D. Emergency Response Guidance
Ii' hazardous materials are encountered in the response to an attack with conventional
explosives or incendiary devices, consult the US Department of Transportation
· Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG).
E. Response Needs
1) Personal protective equipment fo~ emergency responders.
2) Medical evacuation and treatment for mass casualties.
3) Search and rescue teams for collapsed structures.
4) Firefighting.
5) HazMat response team.
6) Mortuary support for mass fatalities.
7) Evacuation assistance.
8) Access control for incident site.
9) Shelter and mass care for evacuees.
10) Investigative resources
2. Nuclear Devices & Materials
A. Weapons Types
1) Radiation Dispersal Device. Radioactive materials in powder form are packed around
conventional explosives. When the explosive device detonates, it disperses the
radioactive material over a wide area. Such devices do not require weapons grade
radioactive materials; they may be constructed from materials obtained from medical
or industrial equipment in common use.
2) Improvised Nuclear Device (nuclear bomb). -Use o£thls type of device is considered
unlikely. It would be ex~emely difficult for terrorists to build or acquire such a
November, 2003 Page V-A 28
Annex V
device because a substantial quantity of weapons-grade fissionable materials,
extensive equipment, and technical expertise would be needed. It would be extremely
difficult to obtain the weapons grade fissionable material required to construct such a
device.
. -3). Nuclekr Weapon. It is considered very unlikely that terrorists would Use military
nuclear weapons because such weapons are normally secured, strictly controlled, and
frequently incorporate safety features to prohibit unauthorized use.
B. Weapons Effects
All of the weapons listed could spread radioactive materials if detonated, which could
pose immediate danger to life at high levels and long-term adverse health effects at lower
. levels. In addition, each of these weapons can produce both immediate radiological
effects and residual radioactive contamination.
'l) Radiologieal Dispersal Device
a) Some blast damage to structures.
b) Some blast casualties.
¢) Some fragmentation damage to structures and casualties among people.
d) Localized radiological contamination
e) Fires are possible.
2) Improvised Nuclear Device or Nuclear Weapon
a) Extensive blast damage to structures, including building and wall collapse
b) Significant blast casualties.
c) Significant fragmentation casualties from debris, broken glass, and other
materials.
d) Extensive radiological contamination.
e) Extensive fire effects.
C. Indications of Use
'1) Prior warning or threat.
2) Reports of stolen radiological sources or nuclear materials.
3) Use of these weapons may produce damage and casualties similar to that produced by
a conventional high explosive bomb. Radiological detection equipment will be
needed to confirm the presence of radioactive materials.
D. Emergency Response Guidance
'1) Radiation Dispersal Device - ERG Guide 163
2) Improvised Nuclear Device or Nuclear Weapon - ERG Guide 165
E. Response Needs
November, 2003 Page V-A 29 3 ~,~
Annex V
~) Personal protective equipment for emergency responders.
2) Mass personnel decontamination.
:3) Medical evacuation and treatment for mass casualties.
4) Urban search and rescue_?ams for ~:ollapsed structures.
5) ' Firefightifig~ ..........
6) Radiological monitoring and assessment teams.
7) Mortuary support for mass fatalities.
8) Evacuation assistance.
9) Access control for incident site and contaminated areas.
10). Shelter and mass care for evacuees.
3. Chemical Weapons
A. Weapon Types. Letters in parenthesis are military designators for these agents.
1) Nerve Agents. Nerve agents are some of the most toxic chemicals in the world; ttiey
are designed to cause death within minutes of exposure. Inhaling the agent in aerosol
or vapor form or having the agent deposited on the skin in liquid form may obtain
lethal doses. Examples include Satin (GB), Soman (GD), ~nd V agent (VX),
2) Blister agents. Blister agents cause blisters, skin irritation, damage to the eyes,
respiratory damage, and gaslxointestinal effects. Their effect on exposed tissue is
somewhat similar to that of a corrosive chemical like lye ~)r a strong acid. Examples
include Mustard (TI) and Lewisite (L).
3) Blood Agents. Blood agents disrupt the blood's ability to carry oxygen and cause
rapid respiratory arrest and death. Examples include potassium cyanide and hydrogen
cyanide (AC).
4) Choking Agents. Choking agents cause eye and airway irritation, chest tightness, and
damage to the lungs. These agents include industrial chemicals such a~ chlorine' (CL)
and phosgene (CG).
5) Hallucinogens, Vomiting Agents and Irritants. These materials cause temporary
symptoms such as hallucinations, vomiting and burning and pain on exposed mucous
membranes and skin, eye pain and tearing, and respiratory discomfort. The effects of
these agents are typically short lived; they are generally designed to incapacitate
people and typically do not pose a threat to life.
B. Other Emergency Response Considerations.
1) Agent Form
Some nerve and blister agents are normally in liquid form. When used as weapons,
most chemical agents are delivered in aerosol form to maximize the area covered,
November, 2003 PageV-A30 ~
Annex V
although some may be delivered as a liquid. An aerosol is defined as a suspension or
dispersion.of small panicles (solid or liquids) in a'gaseous medium. Dissemination
methods range from spray bot/les and backpa;'k pesticide sprayers to sophisticated
large-scale aerosol generators or spray systems.
2) Persistency
Chemical agents may be either persistent or non-persistent.. Non-persistent agents
'evaporate relatively quickly. Persistent agents remain for longer periods of time.
Hazards from both vapor and liquid may exist for hours, days, or in exceptional cases,
· weeks, or months after dissemination of the agent.
C. Weapons Effects
Thc primary effects of chemical agents arc to incapacitate and kill people.
1) Minute doses of nerve agents cause pinpointing of thc pupils (miosis), runny nose,
and mild difficulty breathing. Larger doses cause 'nausea, vomiting, uncontrolled
movement, loss of consciousness, breathing stoppage, paralysis, and death in a matter
of minutes. G-agents are non-persistent, while M agents arc persistent.
2) Blister agents cause eye irritation and reddening of the skin 'in low doses. Larger
doses produce eye and skin blisters, airway damage, and lung damage, causing
respiratory failure. Some blister agents, such as mustards, arc persistent in soil, while
other blister agents arc considered non-persistent.
3) BlOod agents inhibit thc transfer of oxygen in thc body and produce intense irritation
of thc eyes, nose, and throat, breathing tightness, convulsions, and respiratory arrest,
causing death. Blood agents are considered non-persistent.
4) Choking agents produce eye and airway irritation and lung damage, which may Icad
to death. Choking agents are generallynon-persistent.
5) Vomiting agents and Irritants have relatively short-term incapacitating effects. These
symptoms seldom persist more than a few minutes after exposure and the agents are
considered non-persistent.
D. Indications of U'se
1 ) Prior warning or threat.
2) Explosions that disperse misks, gases, or oily film.
3) Presence of spray devices or pesticide/chemical containers.
4) IJnexplained mass casualties without obvious trauma.
5) Casualties exhibit nausea, breathing difficulty, and/or convulsions.
6) Odors of bleach, new mown grass, bitter almonds, or other unexplained odors.
November, 2003 PagoV-A31
Annex V
?) Dead birds, fish, or other animals and lack of insects at the incident site and areas
downwind.
g) Alarms by chemical detection systems.
E. Emergency Response Guidance
1) Nerve Agents. Use ERG Guide 153. Antidotes to nerve agents, including atropine
and 2-PAM Chloride, must be given shortly after exposure to be effective.
2) Blister Agents. Use ERG Guide 153.
3) Blood Agents
a) Ifthe agent is positively identified as Cyanogen Chloride, use ERG Guide 125.
b) If the agent is positi~'ely identified as Hydrogen Cyanide, use ERG Guide 117.
¢) If you suspect a blood agent has been used, but have not positively identified it,
use ERG Guide 123.
4) Choking Agents
a) Ifthe agent is positively identifi~d as ChloHne, use ERG G~ide 124J
b) If the agent is positively identified as Phosgene, use ERG Guide 125.
¢) Ifyou suspect a choking agent has been used, but have not positively identified it,
use ERG Guide 123.
5) Irritants
a) For tear ga~ or pepper spray, use ERG Guide 159.
b) For mace, use ERG Guide 153.
F. Response Needs
1) Personal protective equipment for emergency responders.
2) Mass decontamination capability.
3) Medical evacuation and treatment for mass casualties.
4) HazMat response teams.
5) Mortuary support for mass fatalities.
6) Evacuation assistance.
7} Access control for incident site and contaminated areas.
g) Shelter and mass care for evacuees.
4. Biological Weapons
A. Weapon Types. Biological agents are intended to disable or kill people by infecting
them with diseases or introducing toxic subsiances into their bodies. Such agents are
generally classified in three groups:
1) Bacteria and Rickettsia. Bacteria and rickettsia are single celled organisms that cause
a variety of diseases in animals, plarits and humans. Bacteria are capable of
reproducing outside of living cells, while rickettsia require a living host. Both may
produce extremely potent toxins inside the human body. Among the bacteria and
rickettsia that have been or could be used as weapons are:
November, 2003 Page V-A 32 ' ~
Annex V
a) Anthrax
b) Plague
c) Tularemia or Rabbit Fever
d) Q fever
2) Vimsds.' Viruses are much small~i: than bacteria and ~an only reproduce inside livifi~
cells. Among the viruses that could be used as weapons are:
a) Smallpox
b) Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE)
¢) Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (VI-IF)
· 3) Toxins. Toxins are potent poisons produced by a variety of living organisms
including bacteria, plants, and animals. Biological toxins are some of the most toxic
substances known. Among the toxins that have been or could be used as weapons
are:
a) Botulinum toxins
b) Staphylococcal Enterotoxins
c) Ricin
d) Myeotoxins
B. Other Emergency Response Considerations
1) Means of Dissemination
a) Inhalation of agent in aerosol form. Spraying a biological agent may create an
inhalation hazard. Many biological agents, such as viruses, may also be readily
transmitted from an affected person to others in aerosol form by coughing and
sneezing. This can result in the rapid spread of disease-causing ~/gents.
b) Ingestion in food, water or other products that have been contaminated with
agents.
e) Skin contact or injection. Some agents may be transmitted by simple contact with
the skin or by injection.
2) Unique Aspects ora Biological Agent Attack
a) As there axe few detection systems for biological agents available, an attack with
biological agents may not be discovered until public health authorities or medical
facilities observe people becoming sick with unusual illnesses. Casualties may '
oceu? hours, days, or weeks after exposure. Medical investigators will normally
undertake to determine the source and cause of such illnesses and how it is
spread.
November, 2003 Page V-A 33
Annex V
b) In the aftermath of an attack with biological agents, public health agencies will
normally take the lead in determining actions that must be taken to protect the
public, although state and local governments may implement those actions.
c) There may be no local crime scene or incident site; the initial dissemination of the
.... agent may have occurred in anothei' City or another country and affected travelers ....
may bring disease into the local area.
d) As people affected by some biological agents, such as viruses, are capable of
spreading disease to others, the emergency response to a biological attack may
have to include medical isolation of affected patients and quarantines or other
restrictions on movement of people or animals. It may also be necessary to
restrict opportunities for person-to-person transmission by closing schools and
businesses or curtailing mass gatherings such as sporting events.
C. Weapon Effects
Biological agents are used to both incapacitate and to kill. Seine agents make peopie
seriously ill, but rarely kill those affected; these may create a public health emergency.
Others, such as anthrax and many toxins, kill those affected and may create both a public
health emergency and a mass fatality situation.
D. Indications of Use '
1) If there is a local incident site, the following may'be indicators' of the use of
biological weapons:
a) Advance warning or threat.
b) Unusual dead or dying animals
c) Unusual casualties - pattern inconsistent with natural disease or disease that does
not typically occur in the local area.
d) Aerosol containers or spray devices found in other than typical locations of use.
e) Presence of laboratory glassware or specialized containers.
0 Biohazard labels on containers.
g) Evidence of tampering with foodstuffs and ~vater distribution systems.
h) Indications of tampering with heating/air conditioning systems.
2) For many biological agent attacks, medical assessment of affected people, autopsy
results, and follow-on medical investigation will be required to confirm the use of
biological agents..
E. Emergency Response Needs
'1) Personal protective equipment for emergency responders.
2) Decontamination capability.
3) Specialized pharmaceuticals.
November, 2003 Page V-A 34 ~7/~
Annex V
4) Medical evacuation and treatment for mass casualties.
5) Public health prevention programs.
6) Mortuary support for mass fatalities.
7) Access control for incident site, if one exists.
8) Personnel support for quarantine operations.
·" 9) Public health investigative resources. ~
November, 2003 Page V-A .~.¢
.
· Annex V
.4££endir 4
SPECI.4LIZED RESPONSE RESOURCES
During the response to a terrorist incident, the local resources used for most emergency
situations Will be used. Becaii~e of the potentially great'damage, contaminationf~:'asualties, 'and ....
fatalities that may be generated by large-scale terrorist incidents, specialized response resources
may be needed from the state and federal government to supplement tho~e available locally.
Some of those resources are outlined below. Requests for state or federal resources should be
channeled Colorado Office of Emergency Management.
RESOURCE NEED SOURCE RESOURCES
Assessment & Technical State: Colorado State Patrol-HazMat Division-
Assistance Other: CHEMTREC (1-800-924-9300)
Federal: Chemical/Biological Hotline (1-800-368-6498)
Other WMD/Civil Support Teams
Military Resources
HazMat Response Support State: 8t~ Military Support Detachment (RAID)-303-677-
Federal: 6874
National Response Center
Regional Response Teams
Medical Care & Public Federal: Disaster Medical Assistance Teams (DMATs)
Health Support Military medical units
Military hospital support
Radiological Monitoring &State: Colorado Department of Public Health and
Assessment Environment-877-518-5608
Other: Assistance is available from other states pursuant to
an interstate compact
Federal: US Dept. of Energy Radiation Assistance Program
US Dept. of Energy Federal Radiological
Monitoring
& Assessment Center
US Environmental Protection Agency Radiol~gical
Emergency Response Teams
Military resources
Urban Search & Rescue Local: 'Aspen Mountain Search & Rescue
Federal: Other National Urban Search & Rescue System
Task Forces
Security, Traffic Control, State: Colorado Sheriff's Association
& Access Control Parks & Wildlife Dept.
November, 2003 Page V-A- 36 ~
Annex V
State Forest Service
National Guard
Federal: Military resources
Victim Identification& Federal: FBI
Mortuary Services .... Disaster Mortuar~ Teams (DMORTs) ....
November, 2003 Page V-A- 37
Annex V
Appendix 5
FEDERAL DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES: COUNTERTERRORISM SPECIFIC
.ROLES
.~ A. FED_E.I~L EMERG_ENCY .1 .1 .M~_. AGEMENT AGENCy.7 Web site: w,,av.fema. Ro
FEMA is the lead agency for consequence management and acts in support of the FBI in
Washington, DC, and on the scene of thc crisis until the U.S. Attorney General transfers
the Lead Federal Agency (LFA) role to FEMA. Though State and local officials bear
primary responsibility for consequence management, FEMA coordinates the Federal
aspects of consequence management in the event of a terrorist act. Under Presidential
Decision Directive 39, FEMA supports the overall LFA by operating as the lead agency
for consequ.ence management until the overall LFA role is transferred to FEMA and in
this capacity determines when consequences are "imminent" for purposes of the Stafford
Act. Consequence management includes protecting the public health and,safety and
pro. viding emergency relief to State governments, businesses, and individuals.
1. Office of the Director/Senior Advisor to the Director for Terrorism Preparedness.
' The Senior Advisor (I) keeps the FEMA Director informed of terrorism-related
activities, (2) develops and implements strategics for F~MA involvement in
terrorism-related activities, and (3) coordinates .overall relationships with other
Federal departments and agencies involved in the consequence management of
terrorism-related activities.
2. Preparedness, Training, and Exercises Directorate. This office trains emergency
managers, ftrcfighters, and elected officials in consequence management through the
Emergency Management Institute (EMI), National Fire Academy (NFA), and the
National Emergency Training Center (NETC) in Emmitsburg, Maryland. The EMI
has designed comes for first responders dealing with the consequences of a terrorist
incident. It conducts exercises in WMD terrorism consequence management through
the Comprehensive Exercise Program. These exercises provide the opportunity to
investigate the capability of the FPP to effectively deal with consequence
management and test the ability of different levels of response to interact. The office
also manages FEMA'$ Terrorism Consequence Management Preparedness Assistance
to be used by State and local governments for terrorism preparedness planning,
training, and exercising.
3. Mitigation Directorate. This office has been assigned the responsibility of providing
the verified and validated airborne and waterborne hazardous material models. The
office also is responsible for developing new, technologically advanced, remote
sensing capabilities needed to assess the release and dispersion of hazardous'
materials, both in air and water, for gUiding consequence management response
activities.
4.' Response and Recovery Directorate. 'This office manages Federal consequence
management operations in response to a terrorist event. In addition, this directorate
November, 2003 Page V-A- 38 ,~//.~
Annex V
manages the Rapid Response Information System, which inventories physical assets
and equipment available to State and local officials and provides a database of
chemical and biological agents and safety precautions.
__ 5. U.S. Fire Administration (USFA). This administration provides training to firefighters
and other first responders thr0figh the NFA in conjan~tion with the preParednbs's;
Training, and Exercises Directorate. The NFA also has instituted courses pertaining
to preparing and responding to a terrorist event.
B. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (DOJ)-Web site: www.usdoj.gov, Web site: w~vxv./bi.gov
1. Federal Bureau of Investigation. The FBI is the LFA for crisis managen~ent and
!nvestigation of all terrorism-related matters, including incidents involving a WMD.
The FBI Federal On-Scene Commander (OSC) coordinates Federal, State, and local
authority responses. FBI Domestic Terrorism/Counter terrorism Planning Section.
(DTCTPS). Within the FBI Counter Terrorism Division is a specialized section
containing the Domestic Terrorism Operations Unit, the Weapons of Mass
Destruction Unit, the Weapons of Mass DesU'uction Countermeasures Unit, and the
Special Event Management Unit. Each of these units has specific responsibilities in
investigations of crimes or allegations of crimes committed by individuals or groups
in violation of the Federal terrorism and/or Weapons of Mass Destruction statutes.
The DTCTPS serves as the point of contact (POC) to the FBI field offices and
command structure as well as other Federal agencies in incidences of terrorism, the
use or suspected use of WMD and/or the evaluation of threat credibility. If the FBI's
Strategic Information Operations Center (SIOC) is operational for exercises or actual
incidents, the DTCTPS will provide staff personnel to facilitate the operation of
SIOC.
During an actual incident, the FBI DTCTPS ~vill coordinate the determination of the
composition of the Domestic Emergency Support Teams (DEST) and/or the Foreign
Emergency Support Teams (FEST). The DTCTPS WMD Operations Unit will
co?rdinate all incidents wherein a WMD is used.
2. FBI Laboratory Division. Within the FBI's Laboratory Division reside numerous
assets, which can deploy to provide assistance in a termfism/WMD incident. The
Hazardous Materials Response Unit (I-IMP, U) personnel are highly trained and
knowledgeable and are equipped to direct and assist in the collection of hazardous
and/or toxic evidence in a contaminated environment. Similarly, the Evidence
Response Team Unit (ERTU) is available to augment the local assets and have been
trained in the collection of contaminated evidence. The Crisis Response Unit (CRU)
is able to deploy to provide communications support to an incident. The Bomb Data
Center (BDC) provides the baseline training to public safety bomb disposal
technicians in the United States. BDC is the certification and accreditation authority
for public safety agencies operating bomb squads and is in possession of equipment
and staff that can be deployed to assist in the resolution of a crisis Involving
suspected or identified explosive devices. The Explosives Unit (EU) has experts who
November, 2003 Page V-A- 39 .
Annex V
can assist in analyzing the construction of suspected or identified devices and
recommend procedures to neutralize those items.
3. FBI Critical Incident Response Group (CIRG). CIRG has developed assets that are
designed to facilitate the resolution of crisis incidents of any type. Notably, the Crisis
-" Management Unit (CMU), which conducts training and exercises for the FBI and h/iR
developed the concept of the Joint Operations Center (JOC), is available to provide
on-scene assistance to the incident and integrate the concept of the JOC and the
Incident Command System (ICS) to create efficient management of the situation.
CIRG coordinates a highly trained group of skilled negotiators who are adroit in
techniques to de-escalate volatile situations. The Hostage Rescue Team {I-IRT) is a
tactical asset, trained to function in contaminated or toxic hazard environments, that is
available to assist in the management of the incident.
C. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DoD)-Web site: www.defenselink.mil
'In the event ora terrorist attack or act of nature on American soil resulting in the release
of chemical, biological, mdiological, nuclear material or high-yield explosive (CBRNE)
devices, the local law enforcement, fire, and emergency medical personnel who are first
to respond may become qnickly overwhelmed by the magnitude of the attack. The
Department of Defense (DOD) has many unique combat support capabilities, both
technical and operational, that could be used in support of State and local authorities, if
requested by FEMA, as the Lead Federal Agency, to support and manage the
consequences of such a domestic event.'
Due to the increasing volatility of the threat and the time sensitivity associated with-
providing effective support to FEMA in domestic CBRNE incident~ the Secretary of
Defense appointed an Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Civil Support (ATSD
[CS]). The ATSD (CS) serves as the principal staffassistant and civilian advisor to the
Secretary of Defense and Deputy Secretary of Defense for the oversight of policy,
requirements, priorities, resources, and programs related to the DoD role in managing the
consequences of a domestic incident involving the naturally occurring, accidental, or
deliberate release of chemical, biological, radiologieal, nuclear material or high-yield
explosives.
When requested, the DoD will provide its unique and extensive resoumes in accordance
with the following principles:
1) First, DoD will ensure an unequivocal chain of responsibility, authority, and
accountability for its actions to ensure the American people that the military will
follow the basic constructs of lawful action when an emergency occurs. S
2) Second, in the event of a catastrophic CBRNE event, DoD will always play a
supporting role to the LFA in accordance with all applicable law and plans.
3) Third, DoD support will emphasize its natural role, skills, and structures to mass
mobilize and provide logistical support.
4) Fourth, DoD will purchase equipment and provide support in areas thdt are
largely related to its combat mission.
November, 2003 Page V-A- 40 4~9
· Annex V
5) Fifth, reserve component forces are DoD's forward-deployed forces for domestic
consequence management.
All official requests for DoD support to CBRNE consequence management (CM)
incidents are made by the LFA to the Executive Secretary of the Department of Defense.
" ' While the LFA may submit the requests for DoD assistance thrmigh other DoD channels, ....
immediately upon receipt, any request that comes to any DoD element shall be forwarded
to the Executive Secretary. In each instance the Executive Secretary will take the
necessary action so that the Deputy Secretary can determine whether the incident
warrants special operational management. In such instances, upon issuance of Secretary
of Defense guidance to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS), the Joint Staff
will translate the Secretary's decisions into military orders for these CBRNE-CM events,
under the policy oversight of the ATSD (CS). If the Deputy Secretary of Defense
determines that DoD support for a particular CBRNE-CM incident does not require
special consequence management procedures, the Secretary of the Army will exemise
authority as the DoD Executive Agent through normal Director of Military Support,
Military Support to Civil Authorities 0vlSCA) procedures, with policy oversight by the
ATSD (CS).
As noted above, DoD assets are tailored primarily for the larger combat mission overseas.
But in recognition of the unique challenges of responding to a domestic CBRNE incident,
the Department established a standing Joint Task Force for Civil Support (JTF-CS)
headquarters at the United States Joint Forces Command, to plan for and integrate DoD's
consequence management support to the LFA for events in the continental United States·
The United States Pacific Command and United States Southern Command have parallel
responsibilities for providing military assistance to civil authorities for States, territories,
and possessions outside the continental United States. Specific units with skills
applicable to a domestic consequence management role can be found in the Rapid
Response Information System (R. RIS) database maintained by FEMA. Capabilities
· include detection, decontamination, medical, and logistics.
Additionally, DoD has established 10 Weapons of Mass Destruction Civil Support Teams
(WMD-CST), each composed of 22 well-trained and equipped full-time National Guard
personnel. Upon Secretary of Defense certification, one WMD-CST will be stationed in
each of the 10 FEMA regions around the country, ready to provide support when directed
by their respective governors. Their mission is to deploy rapidly, assist local responders
in determining the precise nature of an attack, provide expert medical and technical
a~Ivice, and help pave the way for the identification and arrival of follow-on military
assets. By Congressional direction, DoD is in the process of establishi.ng and training an
additional 17 WMD-CSTs to support the U.S. population. Interstate agreements provide a
process for the WMD-CST and other National Guard assets to be used by neighboring
states. If national security requirements dictate, these units may be transferred to Federal
service.
D. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY- Web site: www. doe.gov
November~ 2003 Page V-A- 41 (7
Annex V
DOE is prepared to respond immediately to any type of radiological accident or incident
any~vhere in the world with seven radiological emergency response assets. The DOE's
radiologieal emergency response assets include the Aerial Measuring System (AMS), the
Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability (ARAC), the Accident Response Group
(ARG), .the Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center (FRMAC), the
·" Nuclear Emergency Search Team (NEST)}'the Radiologieal Assist~ce Program (RAP),
and the Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS). The DOE
also coordinates activities in nonproliferation, nuclear safeguards and security, and threat
assessments. The DOE maintains the following capabilities that are related to domestic
terrorism preparedness.
1. Aerial Measuring System (AMS). Radiological assistance operations may require the
use of aerial monitoring to quickly determine the extent and degree of the dispersal of
airborne or deposited radioactivity or the location of lost or diverted radioactive
materials. The AMS is an aircraft-operated radiation detection system that uses
fixed4ving aircraft and helicopters equipped xvith state-of-the-art technology
instrumentation to track, monitor, and sample airborne radioactive plumes and/or
detect and measure radioactive material deposited on the ground. The AMS
capabilities, reside at both lq'ellis Air Force Base .near Las Vegas, Nevada, and
Andrews Air Force Base near Washington, D.C. The fixed-wing aircraft provide a
rapid assessment of the contaminated area, whereas the helicopters provide a slower,
1. more detailed and accurate analysis of the contamination.
2. Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability (AP, AC). Radiological assistance
operations may require the use of computer models to assist in estimating early phase
radiological consequences of radioactive material accidentally released into the
atmosphere. The AP, AC is a computer-based atmospheric dispersion and deposition
modeling capability operated by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL).
The ARAC's role in an emergency begins when a nuclear, chemical, or other
hazardous material is, or has the potential of being, released into the atmosphere. The
ARAC's capability consists of meteorologists and other technical staff using three-
dimensional computer models and real-time weather data to project the dispersion
and deposition of radioactive material in the environment. The ARAC's computer
output consists of graphical contour l~lots showing predicted estimates for
instantaneous air and ground contamination levels, air immersion and ground-level
exposure rates, and integrated effective dose equivalents for individuals or critical
populations. The plots can be overlaid on local maps to assist emergency response
officials in deciding what protective actions are needed to effectively protect people
and the environment. Protective actions could impact distribution of food and water
sources and include sheltering .and evacuating critical population groups. The
ARAC's response time is typically 30 minutes to 2 hours after notification of an
incident.
3. Accident Response Group (ARG). ARG' is DOE's primary emergency response
capability for responding to emergencies involving United States nuclear weaponJ.
The ARG, which is managed by the DOE Albuquerque Operations Office, is
November, 2003 Page V-A- 42 ¢~7'~
Annex V
composed of a cadre of approximately 300 technical and scientific experts, including
senior scientific advisors, weapons engineers and technicians, experts in nuclear
safety and high-explosive safety, health physicists, radiation control technicians,
industrial hygienists, physical scientists, packaging and transportation specialists, and
other specialists from the DOE weapons complex. ARG members will deploy with
-' highly specialized, state-of-the-art equipment for weapons recov~i:y and monitoring
operations. The ARG deploys on military or commercial aircraft using a time-phased
approach. The ARG advance elements are ready to deploy within four hours of
notification. ARG advance elements focus on initial assessment and provide
preliminary advice to decision makers. When thc follow-on elements arrive at the
emergency scene, detailed health and safety evaluations and operations are performed
and weapon recovery operations are initiated.
4. Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center (F'RMAC). For major
radiological emergencies impacting the United States, the DOE establishes a
FRMAC. The center is the control point for all Federal assets involved in the
monitoring and assessment of offsite radiological conditions. The FRMAC provides
support to the affected states, coordinates Federal offsite radiological environmental
monitoring and assessment activities, maintains a technical liaison with Tribal nations
and State and local governments, responds to the assessment needs of the LFA, and
meets the statutory responsibilities of the participating Federal agency.
5. Nuclear Emergency Search Team (NEST). NEST is DOE's program for dealing with
the technical aspects of nuclear or radiological terrorism. A NEST consists of
engineers, scientists, and other technical specialists from the DOE national
laboratories and other contractors. NEST resources are configured to be quickly
transported by military or commercial aircraft to worldwide locations and prepared to
respond 24 hours a day using a phased and flexible approfich to deploying personnel
and equipment. The NEST is deployable within four h~urs of notification with
specially trained teams and equipment to assist' the FBI in handling nuclear or
radiological threats. Response teams vary in size from a five person technical
advisory team to a tailored deployment of dozens of searchers and scientists who can
locate and then conduct or support technical operations on a suspected nuclear device.
The NEST capabilities include intelligence, communications, search, assessment,
access, .diagnostics, render-safe operations, operations containment/damage
mitigation, logistics, and health physics.
6. Radiological Assistance Program (RAP). Under the RAP, the DOE provides, upon
request, radiological assistance to DOE program elements, other Federal agencies,
State, Tribal, and local governments, private groups, and individuals. RAP provides
resources (trained personnel and equipmen0 to evaluate, assess, advise, and assist in
the mitigation of actual or perceived radiation hazards and risks to workers, the
public, and the environment. RAP is implemented on a regional basis, with regional
coordination between the emergency response elements of the States, Tribes, other
Federal agencies, and DOE. Each RAP Region maintains a minimum of three RAP
teams, which are comprised of DOE and DOE contractor personnel, to provide
November, 2003 Page V-A- 43.
Annex V
radiological assistance within their region of responsibility. RAP teams consist of
volunteer members who perform radiological assistance duties as part of their formal
employment or as part of the terms of the contract between their employer and DOE.
A fully configured team consists ofseven members; to include one Team Leader, one
Team Captain, and four health physics survey/support personnel, and one Public
Information Officer. A RAP team may deploy with two or more members depending "
on the potential hazards, risks, or the emergency or incident scenario. Multiple RAP
teams may also be deployed to an accident if warranted by the situation.
7. Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS). The REAC/TS is
managed by DOE's Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education in Oak Ridge,
Tennessee. The REAC/TS maintains a 24?hour response center staffed with
personnel and equipment to support medical aspects ofradiologieal emergencies. The
staff consists of physicians, nurses, paramedics, and health physicists who provide
medical consultation and advice and/or direct medical support at the accident scene.
The REAC/TS capabilities include assessment and treatment of internal and external
contamination, whole-body counting, radiation dose estimation, and medical and
radiological triage.
' 8. Communicated Threat Credibility Assessment. DOE is the program manager for the
Nuclear Assessment Program (NAP) at LLNL. The NAP is a DOE-funded asset
specifically designed to provide technical, operational, and behavioral assessments of
the credibility of communicated thr~ats directed against the U.S. Government and its
interests. The assessment process includes one-hour initial and four-hour final
products which, when integrated by the FBI as part of its threat assessment process,
can lead to a "go/no go" decision for response to a nuclear threat.
E. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND IR]MAN SERVICES (HHS)- Web site:
www. hhs.gov
The Department of Health and Human Services (H'HS), as the. lead Federal agency for
Emergency Support Function (ESF) #8 (health and medical services), provides coordinated
Federal assistance to supplement State and local resources in response to public health and
medical care needs following a major disaster or emergency. Additionally, HHS provides
support during developing or potential medical situations and has the responsibility for Federal
support of food, drug, and sanitation issues. Resources are furnished when State and local
resources are overwhelmed and public health and/or medical assistance is requested from the
Federal government.
I~HS, in its primary agency role for ESF #8, coordinates the provision of Federal heal~ and
medical assistance to fulfill the requiremehts identified by the affected Statefloeal authorities
having jurisdiction. Included in ESF #8 is overall public health response; triage, treatment, and
transportation of victims of the disaster; and evacuation of patients out of the disaster area, as
needed, into a network of Military Services, Veterans Affairs, and pre-enrolled non-Federal
hospitals located in the major metropolitan areas of the United States. ESF #8 utilizes resources
primarily available from (1) within HHS, (2) ESF #8 support agencies, (3) the National Disaster
November, 2003 Page V-A- 44 ,..~)
Annex V
Medical System, and (4) specific non-Federal sources (major pharmaceutical suppliers, hospital
supply vendors, international disaster response organizations, and international health
organizations).
1. Office of Emergency ~reparedness (OEP). OEP manages and coordinates Federal health,
medical, and health-related social service response' and recovery to Federally declared
disasters under the Federal Response Plan. The major functions of OEP include:
a. Coordination and delivery of Department-wide emergenc3/preparedness activities,
including continuity of government, continuity of operations, and emergency
assistance during disasters and other emergencies;
b. Coordination of the health and medical response of the Federal government, in
suppgrt of State and local governments, in the aftermath of terrorist acts involving
WMD; and
c. Direction and maintenance of the medical response component of the National
Disaster Medical System, including development and operational readiness capability
of Disaster Medical Assistance Teams and other special teams that can be deploysd
as the primary medical response teams in case of disasters.
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)- Web site: www.cdc.gov. CDC is the
Federal agency responsible for protecting the public health of th~ country through
prevention and control of diseases and for response to public health emergencies. CDC
works with national and international agencies to eradicate or control communicable
diseases and other preventable conditions. The CDC Bio-terrorism Preparedness and
Response Program oversees the agency's effort to prepare State and local governments to
respond to acts of bioterrorism. In addition, CDC has designated emergency response
personnel throughout the agency who are responsible for responding to biological,
chemical, and mdiological terrorism. CDC has epidemiologist strained to investigate arid
control outbreaks or illnesses, as well as laboratories capable of quantifying an
individual's exposure to biological or chemical agents. CDC maintains the National
Pharmaceutical Stockpile to respond to terrorist incidents within the United States.
3. National Disaster Medical System Oq'DMS). NDMS is a cooperative asset-sharing
partnership between HITS, DoD, the Department of Veterans Affairs {VA), FEMA, State
and local governments, and the private sector. The System has three components: direct
medical care, patient evacuation, and the non-Federal hospital bed system. NDMS was
created as a nationwide medical response system to supplement State and local medical
resources during disasters and emergencies, provide backup medical support to the
military and VA health care systems during an overseas conventional conflict, and to
promote development of community-based disaster medical service systems. This
partnership includes DoD and VA Federal .Coordinating Centers, which provide patient
beds, as well as 1,990 civilian hospitals. NDMS is also comprised of over 7,000 private-
sector medical and support personnel organized into many teams across the nation. These
teams and other special medical teams are deployed to provide immediate medical
attention to the sick and injured during disasters, when local emergency i'esponse systems
become overloaded.
November, 2003 Page V-A- 45 ..~/
Annex V
a. Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT). A DMAT is a group of professional and
paraprofessional medical personnel (supported by a cadre of logistical and
administrative staff) designed to provide emergency medical care during a disaster or
other event. During a WIVlD incident, the DMAT provides clean area medical care in
the form of medical triag.e_._and patien~t stabilization ,fOr transpo~ to tertiary c~e.
b. National Medical Response Team-Weapons of Mass Destruction (NMRT-WMD).
The NMRT-WMD is a specialized response force designed to provide medical care
following a nuclear, biological, and/or chemical incident. This unit is capable of
providing mass casualty decontamination, medical triage, and primary and secondary
medical care to stabilize victims for transportation to tertiary care facilities in a
hazardous material environment. There are four such teams geographically dispersed
throughout the United States.
¢. Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Team (DMORT). The DMORT is a mobile
team of mortuary care responders who have the capability to respond to incidents
involving fatalities from transportation accidents, natural disasters, and/or terrorist
events. The team provides technical assistance and supports mortuary operations, as
needed for mass fatality incidents.
F. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA)- Web site: www.epa.gov
EPA is chartered to respond to WMD releases under the National Oil and Hazardous
Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP) regardless of the cause of the release.
EPA is authorized by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act (CERCLA); the.Oil Pollution Act; and the Emergency Planning and
Community-Right-to Know Act to support Federal, State, and local responders in counter
terrorism. EPA will provide support to the FBI during crisis management in response to
a terrorist incident. In its crisis management role, the EPA OSC may provide the FBI
Special Agent in Charge (SAC) with technical advice and recommendations, scientific
and technical assessments, and assistance (as needed) to State and local responders. The
EPA On-Scene Commander (OSC) will support FEMA during consequence management
for the incident. EPA carries out its response according to the FRP, ESF #10, Hazardous
Materials. The OSC may request an Environmental Response Team that is funded by
EPA if the terrorist incident exceeds available local and regional resources. EPA is the
chair for the National Response Team (NRT).
· The following EPA reference material and planning guidance is recommended for
State, Tribal, and local planners:
· Thinking About Deliberate Releases: Steps Your Community Can Take,
1995 (EPA 550-F-95-001).
· Environmental Protection Agency's Role in Counter terrorism
Activities, 1998 (EPA 550-F-98-014).
G. D.EPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE- We[; site: www.usda.gov
November, 2003 Page V-A- 46 (~
Annex V
It is the policy of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to be prepared to respond
swiftly in the event of national security, natural disaster, technological, and other
emergencies at the national, regional, State, and county levels in order to provide support
and comfort to the people of the United States. USDA has a major role in ensuring the
safety of food for all Americans. One concern is bio-terrorism and its effect on
'agriculture in rural America, namely crops in the"field, animals on the h6/sf, and food
safety issues related to food in the food chain between the slaughterhouse and/or
processing facilities and the consumer.
1. Emergency Preparedness Staff. This office serves as the Department's'focal point for
coordinating emergency planning and response activities.
2. USDA State Emergency Boards (SEBs). The SEBs have responsibility for
coordinating USDA emergency activities at the State level.
3. The Farm Service Agency. This USDA agency develops and administers emergency
plans and controls covering food processing, storage, and wholesale distribution;
distribution and use of seed; and manufacture, distribution, and use of livestock and
poultry feed.
4. The Food and Nutrition Service. This USDA agency provides commodity assistance
in officially designated disaster areas upon request by the designated State agency;
authorizes the use of USDA-donated foods for emergency mass feeding; maintains a
current inventory of USDA-donated food held in State/commercial warehouses; and
provides leadership to the FRP under ESF # I 1, Food.
5. Food Safety and Inspection Service. This USDA agency inspects meat/meat products
and poultry/egg products in slaughtering and processing plants; assists the Food and
Drag Administration in the inspection of other food products; develops plans and
procedures for radiological emergency response in accordance with the Federal
Radiological Emergency Response Plan (FRERP); and provides support, as required,
to the FRP at the national and regional levels.
6. Natural Resources Conservation Service. This USDA agency provides technical
assistance to individuals, communities, and governments relating to proper use of
land for agricultural production; provides assistance in determining the extent of
damage to agricultural land and water; and provides support to the FRP under ESF
#3, Public Works and Engineering.
7. Agricultural Research Service (ARS). This USDA agency develops and carries out all
necessary research programs related to agricultural terrorism; provides technical
support for emergency programs and activities in the areas of planning, prevention,
detection, treatment, and management of consequences; provides technical support
for the development of guidance information on the effects of radiation, biological,
and chemical agents on agriculture; develops and maintains a current inventory of
ARS controlled laboratories that can be mobilized on short notice for emergency'
November, 2003 Page V-A- 47
Annex V
testing of food, feed, and water safety;, and provides biological, chem!cal, and
radiological safety support for USDA.
8. Economic .Research Service. This USDA agency, in cooperation with other
depmXmental agencies, analyzes the rural development problems and opportunities in
~' affected rural regions as part of the process of developing strategies to res~bnd to the
effects of an emergency.
9. Rural Business-Cooperative Service. This USDA agency, in cooperation with other
government agencies at all levels, promotes economic development in affected r~ral
areas by developing strategies that respond tO the conditions created by an
emergency.
10. Animal and Plant Health Inspection' Service. This LISDA agency protects livestock,
poultry, crops, biological resources, find products thereof, from diseases, pests, and
hazardous agents (biological, chemical, and radiological); assesses the damage tb
agriculture of any such introduction; and coordinates the utilization and disposal of
livestock and poultry exposed Web site: xvww.usda.gov to hazardous agents.
November, 2003 Page V-A- 48 ~
Annex V
Appendix 6
'DEFINITIONS
Aerosol - Fine liquid or solid particles suspended in a gas, for example, fog or smoke.
Biological Agents - Living organisms'or the materials derived fi.om them that cau. se'dis6ase in or
harm to humans, animals, 'or plants or cause deterioration of material. Biological agents may be
used as liquid droplets, aerosols, or dry powders. See also Bacteria, Toxins, and Virus.
Chemical Agent - A chemical substance that is intended to kill, seriousJy injure, or incapacitate
people through physiological effects. Generally seParated by severity of effect: lethal, blister,
and incapacitating.
Consequence Management - Measures to protect public health and safety, restore essential
government services, and provide emergency relief to governments, businesses, and individuals
affected by the consequences of terrorism. State and local governments exercise primary
authority to respond to the consequences of terrorism. (Source: FRP Terrorism Incident Annex,
page TI-2, April 1999). The Federal Emergency Management Agency, (FEMA) has been
designated the Lead Federal Agency (LFA)'for consequence management to ensure that the
l~ederal Response Plan is adequate to respond to terrorism. Additionally, FEMA supports the
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in crisis management.
· Crisis Management - This is the law enforcement aspect of an incident that involves measures to
identify, acquire, and plan the resources needed to anticipate, prevent, and/or resolye a threat of
terrorism. The FBI is the LFA for crisis management for such an incident. (Source: FBI) During
crisis 'management, the FBI coordinates closely with local law enforcement authorities to provide
successful law enforcement resolution to the incident. The FBI also coordinates with other
Federal authorities, includin~ FEMA. (Source: FPP Terrorism Incident Annex, April 1999)
Decon. tamination - The process of making people, objects, or areas safe by absorbing,
destroying, neutralizing, making harmless, or removing the HAZMAT.
Federal Response Plan (FRP) - The FPP establishes a process and structure for the syste~matie,
coordinated, and effective delivery of Federal assistance to address the consequences of any
m~;jor disaster or emergency declared under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and
Emergency Assistance Act, as amended (42 U.S. Code [USC], et seq.). The FPP Terrorism
Incident Annex defines the organizational structures used to coordinate crisis management with
consequence management. (Source: FRP Terrorism Incident Annex, April 19~9)
Mitigation - Those actions (including threat and vulnerability assessments) taken to reduce the
exposure to and detrimental effects ora WMD incident.
Non-persistent Agent - An agent that, upon release, loses its ability t'o cause casualties after 10 to
15 minutes. It has a high evaporation rate, is lighter than air, and will disperse rapidly. It is
considered to be a short-term hazard; however, in small-unventilated areas, the agent will be
more persistent.
November, 2003 Page V-A- 49 .~'"'-
Annex V
Persistent Agent - An agent that, upon release, retains its casualty-producing effects for an
extended period of time, usually anyxvhere from 30 minutes to several days. A persistent agent
.usually has a Iow evaporation rate and its vapor is heavier than air; therefore, its vapor cloud
tends to hug the ground. It is considered to be a long-term hazard. Although inhalation hazards
are still a concern, extreme caution should be taken to avoid skin contact as well.
Plume - Airborne material spreading from a particular source; the dispersal of panicles, gases,
vapors, and aerosols into the atmosphere.
Preparedness - Establishing the plans, training, exercises, and resources necessary to achieve
readiness for a WMD incident.
Radiation - High-energy panicles or gamma rays that are emitted by an atom as the substance
undergoes radioactive decay. Panicles can be either charged alpha or beta panicles or neutral
neutron or gamma rays.
Recovery- Recovery, in this document, inclt~des all types of emergency actions dedicated to the
continued protection of the public or promoting the resumption of normal activities in the
affected area.
Response - Executing the plan and resources identified to perform'those duties and services to
presbrve and protect life and property as well as provide s~rvices to the surviving population.
Terrorism - The unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or
coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof,'in furtherance of political
or social objectives.
Domestic terrorism involves groups or individuals who are based and operate entirely
within the United States and U.S. territories without foreign direction and whose acts are directed
at elements of the lJ.S. government or population.
International terrorism is the unlawful use of force or violence committed by a group or
individual with some connection to a 'foreign power or whose activities transcend national
boundaries against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian
population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. (Source:
Department of Justice)
Toxicity - A measure of the harmful effects produced by a given amount of a toxin on a living
organism. The relative toxicity of an agent can be expressed in milligrams of toxin needed per
kilogram of body weight to kill experimental animals.
Weapons-Grade Material - Nuclear material considered most suitable for a nuclear weapon. It
usually connotes uranium enriched to above 90 percent uranium-235 or plutonium with greater
than about 90 percent plutonium-239.
Weapons of Mass Destruction- Any explosive, incendiary, or poison gas, bomb, grenade, rocket
having a propellant charge of more than 4 ounces, or a missile having an explosive incendiary
November, 2003 Page V-A- 50 qb~
Annex V
charge of more than 0.25 ounce, or mine or device similar to the above; poison gas; weapon'
involving a disease organism; or weapon that is designed to release radiation or radioactivity at a
level dangerous to human life. (Source: 18 USC 2332a as referenced in 18 USC 921)
November, 2003 Page V-A- 51 ~
Annex V
Appendix 7
A CR O NIrMS
AFB Air Force Base .
AMS .... Aerial Measuring Systsm ........
ANSIR Awareness of National Security Issues and Response Program
ARAC ' Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability
ARG Accident Response Group
ARS Agriculturb./Research Service
ATC Air Traffic Control
ATSD(CS) Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Civil Support
BDC Bomb Data Center
CBIAC Chemical and Biological Defense Information and Analysis Center
CBRNE Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nucle.ar Material, or High-Yield
Explosive
CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CDRG Catastrophic Disaster Response Group
CEPPO Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Office
CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability
Act
CHEMTREC Chemical Transportation Emergency Center
CHPPM Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine
CIRG Crisis Incident Response Group
CJCS Chairman of the Joint CNefs bfStaff
CM Consequence Management
CMU Crisis Management Unit (CIRG)
CRU ,' Crisis Response Unit
CST Civil Support Teams
CW/CBD Chemical Warfare/Contraband Detection
DEST Domestic Emergency Support Team
DFO Disaster Field Office
DMAT Disaster Medical Assistance Team
DMCR Disaster Management Central Resource
DMOR. T Disaster Mortuary Response Team
DoD Department of Defense
DOE Department of Energy
DOJ Department of Susfice
DPP Domestic Preparedness Program
DTCTPS Domestic Terrorism/Counter Terrorism Planning Section (FBI HQ)
DTIC Defense Technical Information'Center
EM Emergency Management
November, 2003 Page V-A- 52 ~
Anne~ V
EMI Emergency Management Institute
EMS Emergency Medical Services
EOC Emergency Operations Center
EOP Emergency Operations Plan
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
ER Emergency Response Team (FBI) ..........
. ERT-A Emergency Response Team - Advance Element
ERTU Evidence Response Team Unit
ESF Emergency Support Function
EST Emergency Support Team
EU Explosives Unit
. FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation
FCT Fonvard Coordinating Team
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency
FEST · Foreign Emergency Support Team
FRERP Federal Radiological Emergency Response Plan
FRMAC Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center
FRP Federal Response Plan
HAZMAT Hazardous Materials
·HttS Department of Health and Human Services
ItMRU Hazardous M. atefials Response Unit '
HQ Headquarters
HRT Hostage Rescue Team (CIRG)
THIS Hazardous Technical Information Services (DOD)
IC Incident Commander
ICS Incident Command System
IND Improvised Nuclear Device
SIC Joint Information Center
JOC Joint Operations Center
JTF-CS Joint Task Force for Civil Support
LEPC .Local Emergency Planning Committee
LFA Lead Federal Agency
LLNL Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
MEDCOM Medical Command '
MMRS Metropolitan Medical Response System
MOA Memorandum of Agreement
MSCA Military Support to Civil Authorities
November, 2003 Page V-A- 53 ~
Annex V
NAP Nuclear Assessment Program
NBC Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical
NCP National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan
NDMS National Disaster Medical System
NDPO National Domestic Preparedness Office
NEST Nuclear Emergency Search Team ......
NETC National Emergency Training Center
NFA National Fire Academy
N'MRT National Medical Response Team
NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission
NRT National Response Team
NSC National Security Council
NTIS National Technical Information Service
OEP Office of Emergency Preparedness
OFCM Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorology
OSC On-Scene Commander
PHS Public Health Service
POC Point of Contact
R&D Research and Development
RAP Radiological Assistance Program
RCRA Research Conservation and Recovery Act
RDD Radiological Dispersal Device
REAC/TS Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site
ROC Regional Operations Center
RRIS Rapid Response Information System (FEMA)
' RRT Regional Response Team
SAC Special Agent in Charge (FBI)
SARA Supei'fund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
SBCCOM Soldier and Biological Chemical Command CO'.S. Army)
SCBA Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus
SEB State Emergency Board
SERC State Emergency Response Commission
· SIOC Strategic Information Ope .rations Center (FBI HQ)
SLG State and Local Guide
TIA Terrorist Incident Appendix
TRIS Toxic Release Inventory System
UC Unified Command
USC U.S. Code
USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture
November, 2003 PageV-A-54 ~0
Annex V
USFA U.S. Fire Administration
VA Department of Veterans Affairs
WMD Weapons of Mass Destruction
WMD-CST WMD Ci3il Support Team
November, 2003 Page V-A- 55 ~/
Annex V
· Appendix 8 ~
INFORM. d TION F.£O IV CtL, IRT FOR ~I BIOLOGIC/IL EI 'ENT .... ',
] ~ai,~d~ [ Information Organization Floss'
Community Hcald~ Scrvices]
I Public HcalthDirector I :1 Hospital ] IIm '
] Wk-970-920-$420 1~ .Infcction Control ~ .er~! I
[ C~11-379-5698 [ 544-1286 ]
4 I
/ CityofAspen I PilkinCo. Envlroruncnlal] ICODcpLeublicH,alth&
Environmenhal tlcalth I{¢althr~. I I Environment I
F~IC/PSCChairwk.920.$234 Dispatch Wk-970-920-$039 Wk-970-920-$073 ] ] EpidcmlologyDivislonI
Page-920-$324-0035 920-$310 Ce11-618-6017 Ca11-379-6034 I ~ 303-692-2700 . I
Dispatch-920.5310 911 Home-925-3613 Home-970-947-9545 I IA/lerHrs'303'370'93951
.~spen
,Ambulance I Natural
AgenCy Resources
.Advisory Page
to All Public
Safety Agencies
Page to'IMG
Ow/County
Managers
Contact appropriate
agencies (Local Law I
-- Enforcement, LocaJ FBI ~
WMD Coordinator, I
c.s)